The list below includes both publications resulting from the project – which started in January 2017 – and a selection of (previous) related publications by our researchers.
2021
Graafland, Johan
Corporate Social Responsibility and SMEs: Impacts and Institutional Drivers Book
Routledge, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, 2021, ISBN: 9781032106724.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: competition, corporate environmental performance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), culture, economic freedom, extrinsic motivation, government regulation, innovation, institutions, intrinsic motivation, long-term orientation, SMEs
@book{Graafland2021bb,
title = {Corporate Social Responsibility and SMEs: Impacts and Institutional Drivers},
author = {Johan Graafland},
url = {https://www.routledge.com/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-and-SMEs-Impacts-and-Institutional-Drivers/Graafland/p/book/9781032106724, Routeledge website
},
isbn = {9781032106724},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-29},
urldate = {2021-12-29},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {Abingdon, Oxfordshire},
abstract = {The world’s people and their leaders face a complex and multifaceted set of ‘eco-social questions’. As the productivity of humanity increases, the negative external environmental effects of production and consumption patterns become increasingly problematic and threaten the human welfare. As the regulating power of national and international governments is limited, this challenge has generated a strong interest in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of companies. Firms find it increasingly important to meet the expectations of stakeholders with respect to the company’s contribution to profit, planet, and people.
The primary aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the impacts and drivers of CSR, with a special focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Research into the social and environmental impacts of CSR is rare. This is a serious gap because if CSR were to fail to have favourable social and environmental impacts on society, the whole concept may become redundant. If societal impacts of CSR are substantial, it is important to know the drivers of CSR. This book considers (1) factors internal to the company, (2) the competitive environment of the company, (3) institutions external to the company, and (4) how the impacts of institutions are mediated or moderated by company internal factors.
This book will fill this gap by estimating various types of models that integrate external and internal factors driving CSR and its impacts on environment, innovation, and reputation, making it a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and students in the fields of business management and CSR.},
keywords = {competition, corporate environmental performance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), culture, economic freedom, extrinsic motivation, government regulation, innovation, institutions, intrinsic motivation, long-term orientation, SMEs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The world’s people and their leaders face a complex and multifaceted set of ‘eco-social questions’. As the productivity of humanity increases, the negative external environmental effects of production and consumption patterns become increasingly problematic and threaten the human welfare. As the regulating power of national and international governments is limited, this challenge has generated a strong interest in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of companies. Firms find it increasingly important to meet the expectations of stakeholders with respect to the company’s contribution to profit, planet, and people.
The primary aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the impacts and drivers of CSR, with a special focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Research into the social and environmental impacts of CSR is rare. This is a serious gap because if CSR were to fail to have favourable social and environmental impacts on society, the whole concept may become redundant. If societal impacts of CSR are substantial, it is important to know the drivers of CSR. This book considers (1) factors internal to the company, (2) the competitive environment of the company, (3) institutions external to the company, and (4) how the impacts of institutions are mediated or moderated by company internal factors.
This book will fill this gap by estimating various types of models that integrate external and internal factors driving CSR and its impacts on environment, innovation, and reputation, making it a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and students in the fields of business management and CSR.
The primary aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the impacts and drivers of CSR, with a special focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Research into the social and environmental impacts of CSR is rare. This is a serious gap because if CSR were to fail to have favourable social and environmental impacts on society, the whole concept may become redundant. If societal impacts of CSR are substantial, it is important to know the drivers of CSR. This book considers (1) factors internal to the company, (2) the competitive environment of the company, (3) institutions external to the company, and (4) how the impacts of institutions are mediated or moderated by company internal factors.
This book will fill this gap by estimating various types of models that integrate external and internal factors driving CSR and its impacts on environment, innovation, and reputation, making it a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and students in the fields of business management and CSR.
Graafland, Johan
Ethics and Economics: An Introduction to Free Markets, Equality and Happiness Book
Routledge, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economics, equality, ethics, free markets, happiness, rights, virtues, welfare
@book{Graafland2021bb,
title = {Ethics and Economics: An Introduction to Free Markets, Equality and Happiness},
author = {Johan Graafland },
url = {https://www.routledge.com/Ethics-and-Economics-An-Introduction-to-Free-Markets-Inequality-and-Happiness/Graafland/p/book/9781032020624, Routledge website
https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/ethics-and-economics-an-introduction/, Moral Markets book shelf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-01},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {Abingdon, Oxfordshire},
abstract = {This textbook applies economic ethics to evaluate the free market system and enables students to examine the impact of free markets using the three main ethical approaches: utilitarianism, principle-based ethics, and virtue ethics. Ethics and Economics systematically links empirical research to these ethical questions, with a focus on the core topics of happiness, inequality, and virtues. Each chapter offers a recommended further reading list, and digital supplements include a list of key terms. The final chapter provides a practical method for applying the different ethical approaches to morally evaluate an economic policy proposal and an example of the methodology being applied to a real-life policy. This book will give students a clear theoretical and methodological toolkit for analyzing the ethics of market policies, making it a valuable resource for courses on economic ethics and economic philosophy.},
keywords = {economics, equality, ethics, free markets, happiness, rights, virtues, welfare},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
This textbook applies economic ethics to evaluate the free market system and enables students to examine the impact of free markets using the three main ethical approaches: utilitarianism, principle-based ethics, and virtue ethics. Ethics and Economics systematically links empirical research to these ethical questions, with a focus on the core topics of happiness, inequality, and virtues. Each chapter offers a recommended further reading list, and digital supplements include a list of key terms. The final chapter provides a practical method for applying the different ethical approaches to morally evaluate an economic policy proposal and an example of the methodology being applied to a real-life policy. This book will give students a clear theoretical and methodological toolkit for analyzing the ethics of market policies, making it a valuable resource for courses on economic ethics and economic philosophy.
Graafland, Johan; Verbruggen, Harmen
Free-Market, Perfect Market and Welfare State Perspectives on “Good” Markets: an Empirical Test Journal Article
In: Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: free markets, human development, institutions, market interventions, welfare state
@article{Graafland2021,
title = {Free-Market, Perfect Market and Welfare State Perspectives on “Good” Markets: an Empirical Test},
author = {Johan Graafland and Harmen Verbruggen},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/Graafland-Verbruggen2021_Article_Free-MarketPerfectMarketAndWel.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11482-021-09946-2},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-20},
journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
abstract = {This study explores the relationship between human development and market institutions and tests the performance of three alternative economic perspectives that each assign a different role to governments. In the free-market perspective, the principal task of the government is to protect property rights. In the perfect-market perspective, the government has the additional responsibility of correcting market failures. The welfare-state perspective posits that the state must actively adopt welfare-state policies across a broad range of fields. Based on a sample of 34 OECD countries plus Russia across a time frame spanning 1990 to 2018, the results demonstrate that economic freedom and small size of government do not significantly affect human development as measured by the Human Development Index. Hence, we find no support for the free-market ideal. Conversely, it is found that human development is positively related to governmental interventions that aim to reduce externalities (public expenditure on education and environmental regulation). These results support the perfect-market perspective. With respect to the welfare-state perspective, the findings are mixed. On the one hand, we found that (some) labor market regulations (particularly hiring and firing regulations, hours regulations and mandated cost of worker dismissal) have a negative impact upon human development. On the other hand, human development is shown to be positively affected by governmental intervention seeking to reduce gender stratification in the labor market.},
keywords = {free markets, human development, institutions, market interventions, welfare state},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study explores the relationship between human development and market institutions and tests the performance of three alternative economic perspectives that each assign a different role to governments. In the free-market perspective, the principal task of the government is to protect property rights. In the perfect-market perspective, the government has the additional responsibility of correcting market failures. The welfare-state perspective posits that the state must actively adopt welfare-state policies across a broad range of fields. Based on a sample of 34 OECD countries plus Russia across a time frame spanning 1990 to 2018, the results demonstrate that economic freedom and small size of government do not significantly affect human development as measured by the Human Development Index. Hence, we find no support for the free-market ideal. Conversely, it is found that human development is positively related to governmental interventions that aim to reduce externalities (public expenditure on education and environmental regulation). These results support the perfect-market perspective. With respect to the welfare-state perspective, the findings are mixed. On the one hand, we found that (some) labor market regulations (particularly hiring and firing regulations, hours regulations and mandated cost of worker dismissal) have a negative impact upon human development. On the other hand, human development is shown to be positively affected by governmental intervention seeking to reduce gender stratification in the labor market.
Graafland, Johan; de Bakker, Frank G. A.
In: Environmental Planning Management, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: corporate social responsibility (CSR), intrinsic motivation, media, motivation crowding theory, NGOs
@article{Graafland2021b,
title = {Crowding In or Crowding Out? How Non-Governmental Organizations and Media Influence Intrinsic Motivations toward Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility},
author = {Johan Graafland and Frank G.A. de Bakker},
doi = {10.1080/09640568.2021.1873110},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-19},
urldate = {2021-02-19},
journal = {Environmental Planning Management},
abstract = {Motivation crowding theory examines how external intervention may undermine intrinsic motivation. Earlier research has shown that intrinsic motivation plays a decisive role in fostering environmental performance of households and consumers, but that external pressures may “crowd out” the intrinsic motivations. Similar patterns could be expected in business organizations. However, only a few studies consider crowding effects of financial incentives on businesses’ intrinsic motivation to environmental responsibility, whereas none addresses the impact of external pressures from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and media, despite their prominent role. This study aims to address this gap by offering a mediation framework explaining how pressures from NGOs and media affect intrinsic motivation. Empirically, the paper adds to the scant empirical research by estimating a model on a sample of 4,364 enterprises from twelve European countries. We find that NGOs and media pressures increase financial benefits from environmental responsibility, which in turn crowd in intrinsic motivation in enterprises.},
keywords = {corporate social responsibility (CSR), intrinsic motivation, media, motivation crowding theory, NGOs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Motivation crowding theory examines how external intervention may undermine intrinsic motivation. Earlier research has shown that intrinsic motivation plays a decisive role in fostering environmental performance of households and consumers, but that external pressures may “crowd out” the intrinsic motivations. Similar patterns could be expected in business organizations. However, only a few studies consider crowding effects of financial incentives on businesses’ intrinsic motivation to environmental responsibility, whereas none addresses the impact of external pressures from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and media, despite their prominent role. This study aims to address this gap by offering a mediation framework explaining how pressures from NGOs and media affect intrinsic motivation. Empirically, the paper adds to the scant empirical research by estimating a model on a sample of 4,364 enterprises from twelve European countries. We find that NGOs and media pressures increase financial benefits from environmental responsibility, which in turn crowd in intrinsic motivation in enterprises.
Lous, Bjorn; Graafland, Johan
Who Becomes Unhappy when Income Inequality Increases? Journal Article
In: Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: income inequality, life satisfaction
@article{Lous2021,
title = {Who Becomes Unhappy when Income Inequality Increases?},
author = {Bjorn Lous and Johan Graafland},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/Who-becomes-unhappy-when-income-inequality-increases.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11482-020-09906-2},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-03},
journal = {Applied Research in Quality of Life},
abstract = {Literature has established that, on a macroeconomic level, income inequality has a negative effect on average life satisfaction. An unresolved question is, however, which income groups are harmed by income inequality. In this paper we investigate this relationship at the microeconomic level combining national indicators of income inequality with individual data of life satisfaction from the World Values Survey for 39 countries over a period of 25 years. Tests on moderation by income category show that the Gini coefficient is most negatively related to life satisfaction of the lowest income groups, but the negative effects also extends to other income groups. For the income share of the top 1% we find a similar result. These findings show that income inequality is especially a concern for the lower income groups, but that the harmful effect of income inequality also spillovers to the life satisfaction of other income groups.},
keywords = {income inequality, life satisfaction},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Literature has established that, on a macroeconomic level, income inequality has a negative effect on average life satisfaction. An unresolved question is, however, which income groups are harmed by income inequality. In this paper we investigate this relationship at the microeconomic level combining national indicators of income inequality with individual data of life satisfaction from the World Values Survey for 39 countries over a period of 25 years. Tests on moderation by income category show that the Gini coefficient is most negatively related to life satisfaction of the lowest income groups, but the negative effects also extends to other income groups. For the income share of the top 1% we find a similar result. These findings show that income inequality is especially a concern for the lower income groups, but that the harmful effect of income inequality also spillovers to the life satisfaction of other income groups.
Bernardus, Daniel; Blanke, Manon; Bovenberg, Lans
Win Win Win; If You Want to Go Far, Go Together Book
Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2021, ISBN: 9789463723268, (Daniel Bernardus is a pseudonym used by Daan van Schalkwijk).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic collaboration, trust
@book{Bernardus2021,
title = {Win Win Win; If You Want to Go Far, Go Together},
author = {Daniel Bernardus and Manon Blanke and Lans Bovenberg},
url = {https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789463723268/win-win-win},
isbn = {9789463723268},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-02},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {Would you like to build greater trust in your relationships? Discuss this book together.
Trusting relationships are key to economics and life: a student wants to win a prestigious business contest with this insight, but must first prevent her team from falling apart.
Discover a mirror on our way of dealing with others that is not always comfortable, but inspiring and ultimately very rewarding.
Buy this book for yourself or as a gift to help people relate together more effectively. },
note = {Daniel Bernardus is a pseudonym used by Daan van Schalkwijk},
keywords = {economic collaboration, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Would you like to build greater trust in your relationships? Discuss this book together.
Trusting relationships are key to economics and life: a student wants to win a prestigious business contest with this insight, but must first prevent her team from falling apart.
Discover a mirror on our way of dealing with others that is not always comfortable, but inspiring and ultimately very rewarding.
Buy this book for yourself or as a gift to help people relate together more effectively.
Trusting relationships are key to economics and life: a student wants to win a prestigious business contest with this insight, but must first prevent her team from falling apart.
Discover a mirror on our way of dealing with others that is not always comfortable, but inspiring and ultimately very rewarding.
Buy this book for yourself or as a gift to help people relate together more effectively.
2020
Commandeur, Harry; van Geest, Paul; Rijsenbilt, Antoinette
Deugden als krachten in de vrijemarkteconomie? Journal Article
In: Management & Organisatie, vol. 2020, no. 2/3, pp. 3-9, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: leadership, motivations, virtues
@article{Commandeur2020,
title = {Deugden als krachten in de vrijemarkteconomie?},
author = {Harry Commandeur and Paul van Geest and Antoinette Rijsenbilt },
url = {https://www.tijdschriftmeno.nl/artikel/17064/Deugden-als-krachten-in-de-vrijemarkteconomie},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
journal = {Management & Organisatie},
volume = {2020},
number = {2/3},
pages = {3-9},
abstract = {Inleiding bij het themanummer 'Drijfveren, deugden en leiderschap'.},
keywords = {leadership, motivations, virtues},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Inleiding bij het themanummer 'Drijfveren, deugden en leiderschap'.
Hendriks, Martijn
Deugdzaam leiderschap: helpt het organisaties floreren? Journal Article
In: Management & Organisatie, vol. 2020, no. 2/3, pp. 10-20, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: deugden, human flourishing, leadership, leiderschap, menselijk floreren, virtues, virtuous leadership
@article{Hendriks2020b,
title = {Deugdzaam leiderschap: helpt het organisaties floreren?},
author = {Martijn Hendriks },
url = {https://www.tijdschriftmeno.nl/artikel/17065/Deugdzaam-leiderschap-helpt-het-organisaties-floreren},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
journal = {Management & Organisatie},
volume = {2020},
number = {2/3},
pages = {10-20},
abstract = {Leiderschapsschandalen laten zien dat veel leiders geloven dat deugdzaam leiderschap nadelige gevolgen heeft voor henzelf of hun organisatie. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de onderzoeksliteratuur betreffende het verband tussen deugzaam leiderschap en het floreren (van mensen) binnen organisaties.},
keywords = {deugden, human flourishing, leadership, leiderschap, menselijk floreren, virtues, virtuous leadership},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Leiderschapsschandalen laten zien dat veel leiders geloven dat deugdzaam leiderschap nadelige gevolgen heeft voor henzelf of hun organisatie. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de onderzoeksliteratuur betreffende het verband tussen deugzaam leiderschap en het floreren (van mensen) binnen organisaties.
Burger, Martijn; Rijsenbilt, Antoinette
De weg naar deugdelijk leiderschap Journal Article
In: Management & Organisatie, vol. 2020, no. 2/3, pp. 21-35, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: eastern philosophy, virtuous leadership, western philosophy
@article{Burger2020,
title = {De weg naar deugdelijk leiderschap},
author = {Martijn Burger and Antoinette Rijsenbilt},
url = {https://www.tijdschriftmeno.nl/artikel/17066/De-weg-naar-deugdelijk-leiderschap},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
journal = {Management & Organisatie},
volume = {2020},
number = {2/3},
pages = {21-35},
abstract = {In dit artikel stellen de auteurs vast dat deugdzaam leiderschap investeringen vergt van zowel de leidinggevende als de organisatie en dat het wellicht niet voor iedereen is weggelegd. Na een algemene beschrijving van deugden en hoe men in de westerse en oosterse filosofische tradities over deugden denkt, beschrijven de auteurs drie mogelijke benaderingen om een deugdzaam leider te worden.},
keywords = {eastern philosophy, virtuous leadership, western philosophy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In dit artikel stellen de auteurs vast dat deugdzaam leiderschap investeringen vergt van zowel de leidinggevende als de organisatie en dat het wellicht niet voor iedereen is weggelegd. Na een algemene beschrijving van deugden en hoe men in de westerse en oosterse filosofische tradities over deugden denkt, beschrijven de auteurs drie mogelijke benaderingen om een deugdzaam leider te worden.
van Geest, Paul
De ontoereikendheid van het verstand en de liefde als kenweg. Theologie als verrijking van de economie Journal Article
In: Management & Organisatie, vol. 2020, no. 2/3, pp. 48-56, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: dialogue, economics, love, ratio, theology
@article{vanGeest2020,
title = {De ontoereikendheid van het verstand en de liefde als kenweg. Theologie als verrijking van de economie},
author = {Paul van Geest },
url = {https://www.tijdschriftmeno.nl/artikel/17068/De-ontoereikendheid-van-het-verstand-en-de-liefde-als-kenweg-Theologie-als-verrijking-van-de-economie},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
journal = {Management & Organisatie},
volume = {2020},
number = {2/3},
pages = {48-56},
abstract = {Dit artikel is een pleidooi voor de bevordering van het interdisciplinaire gesprek tussen economen en theologen. Dit zal verrijkend zijn, ook voor theologen, omdat de tijd nabij is dat economen theologen zullen dwingen om theologische noties in het licht van veranderde tijden beter te doordenken en adequater te formuleren.},
keywords = {dialogue, economics, love, ratio, theology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dit artikel is een pleidooi voor de bevordering van het interdisciplinaire gesprek tussen economen en theologen. Dit zal verrijkend zijn, ook voor theologen, omdat de tijd nabij is dat economen theologen zullen dwingen om theologische noties in het licht van veranderde tijden beter te doordenken en adequater te formuleren.
Bovenberg, Lans; van Casteren, Sander; van Os, Bas
Mens en economie. Liefde als het nieuwe kapitaal Journal Article
In: Management & Organisatie, vol. 2020, no. 2/3, pp. 57-63, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economics, leadership, love, new capital, relational economy, values
@article{Bovenberg2020,
title = {Mens en economie. Liefde als het nieuwe kapitaal},
author = {Lans Bovenberg and Sander van Casteren and Bas van Os},
url = {https://www.tijdschriftmeno.nl/artikel/17069/Mens-en-economie-Liefde-als-het-nieuwe-kapitaal},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
journal = {Management & Organisatie},
volume = {2020},
number = {2/3},
pages = {57-63},
abstract = {Er is steeds meer aandacht voor de mensen door wie en voor wie onze economie functioneert. Zo is onlangs het Erasmus Economics and Theology Institute opgericht en is een leerstoel in het leven geroepen op het snijvlak van relationele economie, waarden en leiderschap. In dit artikel lichten de auteurs deze drie begrippen toe, als uitnodiging voor verdere uitwisseling en gedachtenvorming.},
keywords = {economics, leadership, love, new capital, relational economy, values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Er is steeds meer aandacht voor de mensen door wie en voor wie onze economie functioneert. Zo is onlangs het Erasmus Economics and Theology Institute opgericht en is een leerstoel in het leven geroepen op het snijvlak van relationele economie, waarden en leiderschap. In dit artikel lichten de auteurs deze drie begrippen toe, als uitnodiging voor verdere uitwisseling en gedachtenvorming.
Ballor, Jordan J.
Interdisciplinary Dialogue and Scarcity in Economic Terminology Journal Article
In: Journal of Markets & Morality, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 131–137, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: scarcity, theology and economics
@article{Ballor2020b,
title = {Interdisciplinary Dialogue and Scarcity in Economic Terminology},
author = {Jordan J. Ballor },
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/Ballor-Interdisciplinary-Dialogue-and-Scarcity-in-Economic-Terminology-ESSAY.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
journal = {Journal of Markets & Morality},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {131–137},
abstract = {"As an illustration of the various challenges in interdisciplinary dialogue, particularly with respect to theology and economics, the remainder of this essay will focus on the economic concept of scarcity and its typical reception and use by theologians. One of the most common errors in interdisciplinary dialogue is to take a technical term used in one field and apply to it a nontechnical or mundane meaning. In the case of scarcity, this would take the form of understanding its meaning to be simply something like 'lack' or 'poverty.' When theologians think of scarcity, we, perhaps like most people, commonly conceive of a scorchedearth vista, starvation, or deprivation. The immediate reaction is one of horror and sorrow: Scarcity is a result of sin and thus is not the way the world is supposed to be. The answer to the problem of scarcity is thus clear: God is the source of all good things and he gives bounteously, first in creation and, after the fall into sin, in the context of his ongoing providential care. The basic distinction in this case is between economics as a science of scarcity, which is concerned with material deprivation and poverty, and a broader understanding offered by theology, which emphasizes divine abundance."},
keywords = {scarcity, theology and economics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
"As an illustration of the various challenges in interdisciplinary dialogue, particularly with respect to theology and economics, the remainder of this essay will focus on the economic concept of scarcity and its typical reception and use by theologians. One of the most common errors in interdisciplinary dialogue is to take a technical term used in one field and apply to it a nontechnical or mundane meaning. In the case of scarcity, this would take the form of understanding its meaning to be simply something like 'lack' or 'poverty.' When theologians think of scarcity, we, perhaps like most people, commonly conceive of a scorchedearth vista, starvation, or deprivation. The immediate reaction is one of horror and sorrow: Scarcity is a result of sin and thus is not the way the world is supposed to be. The answer to the problem of scarcity is thus clear: God is the source of all good things and he gives bounteously, first in creation and, after the fall into sin, in the context of his ongoing providential care. The basic distinction in this case is between economics as a science of scarcity, which is concerned with material deprivation and poverty, and a broader understanding offered by theology, which emphasizes divine abundance."
Graafland, Johan; Wells, Thomas
In: Journal of Business Ethics, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith, free markets, human flourishing, institutions, justice, societal flourishing, virtues
@article{Graafland2020b,
title = {In Adam Smith’s Own Words: The Role of Virtues in the Relationship Between Free Market Economies and Societal Flourishing, A Semantic Network Data‑Mining Approach},
author = {Johan Graafland and Thomas Wells},
url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10551-020-04521-5.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04521-5},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-29},
journal = {Journal of Business Ethics},
abstract = {Among business ethicists, Adam Smith is widely viewed as the defender of an amoral if not anti-moral economics in which individuals’ pursuit of their private self-interest is converted by an ‘invisible hand’ into shared economic prosperity. This is often justified by reference to a select few quotations from The Wealth of Nations. We use new empirical methods to investigate what Smith actually had to say, firstly about the relationship between free market institutions and individuals’ moral virtues, and secondly about the further relationship between virtues and societal flourishing. We show with more quantitative precision than traditional scholarship that the invisible hand reading dramatically misrepresents both the nuance and the sum of Smith’s analysis. Smith paid a great deal of attention to a flourishing society’s dependence on virtues, including the non-self-regarding virtues of justice and benevolence, and he worried also about their fragility in the face of the changed incentives and social conditions of commercial society.},
keywords = {Adam Smith, free markets, human flourishing, institutions, justice, societal flourishing, virtues},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Among business ethicists, Adam Smith is widely viewed as the defender of an amoral if not anti-moral economics in which individuals’ pursuit of their private self-interest is converted by an ‘invisible hand’ into shared economic prosperity. This is often justified by reference to a select few quotations from The Wealth of Nations. We use new empirical methods to investigate what Smith actually had to say, firstly about the relationship between free market institutions and individuals’ moral virtues, and secondly about the further relationship between virtues and societal flourishing. We show with more quantitative precision than traditional scholarship that the invisible hand reading dramatically misrepresents both the nuance and the sum of Smith’s analysis. Smith paid a great deal of attention to a flourishing society’s dependence on virtues, including the non-self-regarding virtues of justice and benevolence, and he worried also about their fragility in the face of the changed incentives and social conditions of commercial society.
Lous, Bjorn
On free markets, income inequality, happiness and trust PhD Thesis
Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research (CentER), 2020, ISBN: 978 90 5668 620 8.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: free markets, happiness, income inequality, trust
@phdthesis{Lous2020,
title = {On free markets, income inequality, happiness and trust},
author = {Bjorn Lous},
url = {https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/32241440/Lous_PhD_Thesis_final.pdf},
isbn = {978 90 5668 620 8},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-31},
school = {Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research (CentER)},
abstract = {Even though on average Western countries are richer than ever before, an undercurrent of widespread discomfort and uncertainty has been revealed in recent years. This has led to renewed critical interest in the foundations and assumptions of the capitalist economic model. This thesis focuses on the role of inequality in the functioning of the economy. Specifically, three relationships are investigated. The first empirical chapter sets the general context, looking at the effect of economic freedom on (country-level) life satisfaction through income inequality. The second research chapter analyzes the effect of income inequality on trust and inequality in life satisfaction. The third and fourth chapters zoom in on the microeconomic level, discussing how national income inequality relates to individual life satisfaction, and to individual inclination to trust other people. In addition, the differences between different income groups are investigated, as well as between other socio-demographically defined groups.},
keywords = {free markets, happiness, income inequality, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Even though on average Western countries are richer than ever before, an undercurrent of widespread discomfort and uncertainty has been revealed in recent years. This has led to renewed critical interest in the foundations and assumptions of the capitalist economic model. This thesis focuses on the role of inequality in the functioning of the economy. Specifically, three relationships are investigated. The first empirical chapter sets the general context, looking at the effect of economic freedom on (country-level) life satisfaction through income inequality. The second research chapter analyzes the effect of income inequality on trust and inequality in life satisfaction. The third and fourth chapters zoom in on the microeconomic level, discussing how national income inequality relates to individual life satisfaction, and to individual inclination to trust other people. In addition, the differences between different income groups are investigated, as well as between other socio-demographically defined groups.
Graafland, Johan; Noorderhaven, Niels
Culture and institutions: How economic freedom and long-term orientation interactively influence corporate social responsibility Journal Article
In: Journal of International Business Studies, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: corporate social responsibility (CSR), culture, economic freedom, institutions, long-term orientation
@article{Graafland2020,
title = {Culture and institutions: How economic freedom and long-term orientation interactively influence corporate social responsibility},
author = {Johan Graafland and Niels Noorderhaven },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00301-0},
doi = {10.1057/s41267-019-00301-0},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-08},
journal = {Journal of International Business Studies},
abstract = {Studies of international differences in firm behavior tend to consider either institutional or cultural factors. Focusing on corporate social responsibility (CSR), we conjecture that not only both institutions and culture need to be taken into account, but also the interaction between these two sets of factors. We theorize that the institutions associated with economic freedom in combination with the cultural trait long-term orientation positively influences CSR practices. Panel data of 5023 companies from 41 countries confirm this expectation. This finding pertains both to long-term orientation at the level of the society and at the level of the company. Our findings support calls for more attention to interactive effects of cultures and institutions.},
keywords = {corporate social responsibility (CSR), culture, economic freedom, institutions, long-term orientation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Studies of international differences in firm behavior tend to consider either institutional or cultural factors. Focusing on corporate social responsibility (CSR), we conjecture that not only both institutions and culture need to be taken into account, but also the interaction between these two sets of factors. We theorize that the institutions associated with economic freedom in combination with the cultural trait long-term orientation positively influences CSR practices. Panel data of 5023 companies from 41 countries confirm this expectation. This finding pertains both to long-term orientation at the level of the society and at the level of the company. Our findings support calls for more attention to interactive effects of cultures and institutions.
2019
Graafland, Johan
When Does Economic Freedom Promote Well Being? On the Moderating Role of Long-Term Orientation Journal Article
In: Social Indicators Research, 2019, ISSN: 1573-0921.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic freedom, long-term orientation, moderation, OECD better life index, well-being
@article{Graafland2019d,
title = {When Does Economic Freedom Promote Well Being? On the Moderating Role of Long-Term Orientation},
author = {Johan Graafland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02230-9},
doi = {10.1007/s11205-019-02230-9},
issn = {1573-0921},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-30},
journal = {Social Indicators Research},
abstract = {An increasing volume of literature has shown that economic freedom is related to life satisfaction. However, life satisfaction may not fully describe well-being because of its subjective nature. This study contributes to previous literature by extending analysis of the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction to other dimensions of well-being as measured by the better life index of the OECD that includes both objective and subjective measures. A second innovation of this paper is that, in explaining the differences in well-being between countries, we conjecture that the relationship between free market institutions as measured by economic freedom and well-being is moderated by the cultural dimension of long-term orientation. This hypothesis is supported for six out of 11 dimensions of well-being: income, community, health, life satisfaction, safety, and work---life balance. Our study shows that looking at interdependencies between culture and formal institutions can increase the explanatory power of internationally comparative research into well-being.},
keywords = {economic freedom, long-term orientation, moderation, OECD better life index, well-being},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An increasing volume of literature has shown that economic freedom is related to life satisfaction. However, life satisfaction may not fully describe well-being because of its subjective nature. This study contributes to previous literature by extending analysis of the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction to other dimensions of well-being as measured by the better life index of the OECD that includes both objective and subjective measures. A second innovation of this paper is that, in explaining the differences in well-being between countries, we conjecture that the relationship between free market institutions as measured by economic freedom and well-being is moderated by the cultural dimension of long-term orientation. This hypothesis is supported for six out of 11 dimensions of well-being: income, community, health, life satisfaction, safety, and work---life balance. Our study shows that looking at interdependencies between culture and formal institutions can increase the explanatory power of internationally comparative research into well-being.
Wells, Thomas
What Adam Smith Really Thought Should Not Matter Journal Article
In: Business Ethics Journal Review, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 40-46, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith
@article{Wells2019,
title = {What Adam Smith Really Thought Should Not Matter},
author = {Thomas Wells},
url = {https://bejreview.files.wordpress.com/2019/11/bejrv7n7wells.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-12},
journal = {Business Ethics Journal Review},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {40-46},
abstract = {Hühn and Dierksmeier argue that a better understanding of Adam Smith’s work would improve business ethics research and education. I worry that their approach encourages two scholarly sins. First, anachronistic historiography in which we distort Smith’s ideas by making him answer questions about contemporary debates in CSR theory. Second, treating him as a prophet by assuming that finding out what Smith would have thought about it is the right way to answer such questions.
(A commentary on Matthias Hühn and Claus Dierksmeier (2016), “Will the Real A. Smith Please Stand Up!” J Bus Ethics 131(1): 119–13)},
keywords = {Adam Smith},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hühn and Dierksmeier argue that a better understanding of Adam Smith’s work would improve business ethics research and education. I worry that their approach encourages two scholarly sins. First, anachronistic historiography in which we distort Smith’s ideas by making him answer questions about contemporary debates in CSR theory. Second, treating him as a prophet by assuming that finding out what Smith would have thought about it is the right way to answer such questions.
(A commentary on Matthias Hühn and Claus Dierksmeier (2016), “Will the Real A. Smith Please Stand Up!” J Bus Ethics 131(1): 119–13)
(A commentary on Matthias Hühn and Claus Dierksmeier (2016), “Will the Real A. Smith Please Stand Up!” J Bus Ethics 131(1): 119–13)
Graafland, Johan
Contingencies in the relationship between economic freedom and human development: the role of generalized trust Journal Article
In: Journal of Institutional Economics, pp. 1–16, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic freedom, human development, interaction, trust
@article{graaflandm,
title = {Contingencies in the relationship between economic freedom and human development: the role of generalized trust},
author = {Johan Graafland},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-institutional-economics/article/contingencies-in-the-relationship-between-economic-freedom-and-human-development-the-role-of-generalized-trust/455C6214E32F50EF20C3F7BFA83E675A},
doi = {10.1017/S1744137419000705},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-07},
journal = {Journal of Institutional Economics},
pages = {1–16},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
abstract = {An increasing volume of literature has shown that human development is related to economic institutions. But previous literature has not considered that the effects of economic institutions on human development are contingent on culture. In this study, we contend that the effects of economic freedom (as an indicator of economic institutions) on human development are dependent on generalized trust (as an indicator of culture). Using panel analysis on a sample of 29 OECD countries during 1990–2015, we find that generalized trust positively moderates the relationship between economic freedom and human development. The policy implication is that free market institutions foster human development only in high trust societies, not in low trust countries.},
keywords = {economic freedom, human development, interaction, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An increasing volume of literature has shown that human development is related to economic institutions. But previous literature has not considered that the effects of economic institutions on human development are contingent on culture. In this study, we contend that the effects of economic freedom (as an indicator of economic institutions) on human development are dependent on generalized trust (as an indicator of culture). Using panel analysis on a sample of 29 OECD countries during 1990–2015, we find that generalized trust positively moderates the relationship between economic freedom and human development. The policy implication is that free market institutions foster human development only in high trust societies, not in low trust countries.
Graafland, Johan; Gerlagh, Reyer
Economic Freedom, Internal Motivation, and Corporate Environmental Responsibility of SMEs Journal Article
In: Environmental and Resource Economics, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 1101–1123, 2019, ISSN: 1573-1502.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: corporate environmental performance, economic freedom, extrinsic motivation, interaction, intrinsic motivation
@article{Graafland2019f,
title = {Economic Freedom, Internal Motivation, and Corporate Environmental Responsibility of SMEs},
author = {Johan Graafland and Reyer Gerlagh},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00361-8},
doi = {10.1007/s10640-019-00361-8},
issn = {1573-1502},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-01},
journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {1101--1123},
abstract = {The effect of economic freedom on firms' environmental responsible management is still unconcluded. We conjecture that the effects are conditional on a firm's internal motivation and use a large-scale survey to run an empirical test. The sample consists of 4338 small and medium-sized enterprises from twelve European countries. Distinguishing between intrinsic (environmental) and extrinsic (profit) internal motivations, we find clear support that the effects of economic freedom and intrinsic motivation on corporate environmental performance interact with each other. Our findings explain the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies at the aggregate level.},
keywords = {corporate environmental performance, economic freedom, extrinsic motivation, interaction, intrinsic motivation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The effect of economic freedom on firms' environmental responsible management is still unconcluded. We conjecture that the effects are conditional on a firm's internal motivation and use a large-scale survey to run an empirical test. The sample consists of 4338 small and medium-sized enterprises from twelve European countries. Distinguishing between intrinsic (environmental) and extrinsic (profit) internal motivations, we find clear support that the effects of economic freedom and intrinsic motivation on corporate environmental performance interact with each other. Our findings explain the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies at the aggregate level.
Graafland, Johan; Noorderhaven, Niels
Technological Competition, Innovation Motive and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Top Managers of European SMEs Journal Article
In: De Economist, 2019, ISSN: 1572-9982.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: corporate social responsibility (CSR), innovation motivation, SMEs, technological competition
@article{Graafland2019g,
title = {Technological Competition, Innovation Motive and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Top Managers of European SMEs},
author = {Johan Graafland and Niels Noorderhaven},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-019-09351-z},
doi = {10.1007/s10645-019-09351-z},
issn = {1572-9982},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-31},
journal = {De Economist},
abstract = {Various motives have been proposed for firms to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR), but no attention has been paid to innovation as a motive to engage in CSR. In this paper we explore the role of this motive and hypothesize that it is particularly important for companies facing intensive technological competition. We find support for this in a sample of 2579 top managers of small and medium sized enterprises from 12 European countries. The innovation motive mediates the relationship between technological competition and CSR and is the most (second most) important motive for environmental and social CSR, respectively.},
keywords = {corporate social responsibility (CSR), innovation motivation, SMEs, technological competition},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Various motives have been proposed for firms to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR), but no attention has been paid to innovation as a motive to engage in CSR. In this paper we explore the role of this motive and hypothesize that it is particularly important for companies facing intensive technological competition. We find support for this in a sample of 2579 top managers of small and medium sized enterprises from 12 European countries. The innovation motive mediates the relationship between technological competition and CSR and is the most (second most) important motive for environmental and social CSR, respectively.
Graafland, Johan; Bovenberg, Lans
Government regulation, business leaders’ motivations and environmental performance of SMEs Journal Article
In: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: environmental performance, government regulation, intrinsic motivation, motivation crowding theory, SMEs
@article{Graafland2019e,
title = {Government regulation, business leaders’ motivations and environmental performance of SMEs},
author = {Johan Graafland and Lans Bovenberg },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1663159},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-07},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Planning and Management},
abstract = {This paper investigates whether government regulation crowds out intrinsic motivation to improve environmental performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Motivation crowding is the phenomenon by which external pressures reduce intrinsic motivation. Literature on motivation crowding effects of environmental regulations exhibits two gaps. First, previous studies have focused on households while neglecting business organizations, even though businesses account for a major part of industrial pollution worldwide. Second, previous literature neither measured intrinsic motivation nor tested how government regulation affects this motivation. Empirical evidence of motivation crowding by environmental regulations is therefore still lacking. This paper fills both research gaps. Using a dataset of 2,373 SMEs from 12 European countries, we show that government regulation enhances environmental performance directly but harms it indirectly by crowding out intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of business leaders. It only stimulates environmental performance for companies exhibiting low motivation.},
keywords = {environmental performance, government regulation, intrinsic motivation, motivation crowding theory, SMEs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper investigates whether government regulation crowds out intrinsic motivation to improve environmental performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Motivation crowding is the phenomenon by which external pressures reduce intrinsic motivation. Literature on motivation crowding effects of environmental regulations exhibits two gaps. First, previous studies have focused on households while neglecting business organizations, even though businesses account for a major part of industrial pollution worldwide. Second, previous literature neither measured intrinsic motivation nor tested how government regulation affects this motivation. Empirical evidence of motivation crowding by environmental regulations is therefore still lacking. This paper fills both research gaps. Using a dataset of 2,373 SMEs from 12 European countries, we show that government regulation enhances environmental performance directly but harms it indirectly by crowding out intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of business leaders. It only stimulates environmental performance for companies exhibiting low motivation.
Ballor, Jordan J.; van der Kooi, Cornelis
The Moral Status of Wealth Creation in Early-Modern Reformed Confessions Journal Article
In: Reformation & Renaissance Review , vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 188-202, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: charity, greed, reformed confessions, theft, wealth
@article{Ballor2019,
title = {The Moral Status of Wealth Creation in Early-Modern Reformed Confessions},
author = {Jordan J. Ballor and Cornelis van der Kooi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14622459.2019.1673941},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-03},
journal = {Reformation & Renaissance Review },
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {188-202},
abstract = {This article examines the moral status of wealth creation, particularly within its theological and religious contexts, across Reformed confessions from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These confessional standards are a key source for the moral teaching of Reformed churches, and their treatments of the eighth commandment demonstrate a relatively nuanced and sophisticated view of wealth. Rather than simply denouncing wealth itself as intrinsically evil, these confessional standards, from a variety of national and ecclesial contexts, both on the European continent and Britain, provide a basis for viewing wealth creation as a moral good, even while warning against excess, temptation, and vices such as avarice and envy. This survey of the treatments of wealth from a diverse set of Reformed confessional standards provides a foundation for understanding a critical element in the formation of Reformed, and more broadly Protestant, economic ethics in the early-modern period.},
keywords = {charity, greed, reformed confessions, theft, wealth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article examines the moral status of wealth creation, particularly within its theological and religious contexts, across Reformed confessions from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These confessional standards are a key source for the moral teaching of Reformed churches, and their treatments of the eighth commandment demonstrate a relatively nuanced and sophisticated view of wealth. Rather than simply denouncing wealth itself as intrinsically evil, these confessional standards, from a variety of national and ecclesial contexts, both on the European continent and Britain, provide a basis for viewing wealth creation as a moral good, even while warning against excess, temptation, and vices such as avarice and envy. This survey of the treatments of wealth from a diverse set of Reformed confessional standards provides a foundation for understanding a critical element in the formation of Reformed, and more broadly Protestant, economic ethics in the early-modern period.
Graafland, Johan; Lous, Bjorn
Income Inequality, Life Satisfaction Inequality and Trust: A Cross Country Panel Analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1717–1737, 2019, ISSN: 1573-7780.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: income, inequality, life satisfaction, mediation, trust
@article{Graafland2019c,
title = {Income Inequality, Life Satisfaction Inequality and Trust: A Cross Country Panel Analysis},
author = {Johan Graafland and Bjorn Lous},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0021-0},
doi = {10.1007/s10902-018-0021-0},
issn = {1573-7780},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-01},
journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {1717--1737},
abstract = {Literature has argued that income inequality crowds out trust. However, whether income inequality makes people less trusting depends on how they perceive income inequality within their personal social context and social cognition. In this paper we therefore conjecture that the relationship of income inequality to trust depends on how income inequality affects inequality of life satisfaction. If life satisfaction inequality is high, distrust is generated among the least happy. This will increase polarization and the risk of rebellion, thereby also affecting trust among the happier people. Thus, life satisfaction inequality may be an essential factor in the relationship between income inequality and trust. In previous literature, the potential mediating role of life satisfaction inequality in the relationship between income inequality and social trust has not yet received attention. We test our model by panel analysis on 25 OECD countries in the period 1990--2014. The panel analysis shows that income inequality increases life satisfaction inequality and that both income inequality and life satisfaction inequality have a significant negative impact on social trust. Mediation tests show complementary mediation: besides the direct negative effect of income inequality on trust, we find an indirect effect mediated by life satisfaction inequality. This indirect effect counts for 20% of the total effect of income inequality on trust. Our results imply that policy options for increasing trust are not limited to countering income inequality, but can also include policy measures that directly reduce inequality of life satisfaction.},
keywords = {income, inequality, life satisfaction, mediation, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Literature has argued that income inequality crowds out trust. However, whether income inequality makes people less trusting depends on how they perceive income inequality within their personal social context and social cognition. In this paper we therefore conjecture that the relationship of income inequality to trust depends on how income inequality affects inequality of life satisfaction. If life satisfaction inequality is high, distrust is generated among the least happy. This will increase polarization and the risk of rebellion, thereby also affecting trust among the happier people. Thus, life satisfaction inequality may be an essential factor in the relationship between income inequality and trust. In previous literature, the potential mediating role of life satisfaction inequality in the relationship between income inequality and social trust has not yet received attention. We test our model by panel analysis on 25 OECD countries in the period 1990--2014. The panel analysis shows that income inequality increases life satisfaction inequality and that both income inequality and life satisfaction inequality have a significant negative impact on social trust. Mediation tests show complementary mediation: besides the direct negative effect of income inequality on trust, we find an indirect effect mediated by life satisfaction inequality. This indirect effect counts for 20% of the total effect of income inequality on trust. Our results imply that policy options for increasing trust are not limited to countering income inequality, but can also include policy measures that directly reduce inequality of life satisfaction.
Graafland, Johan
Is Relational Thinking Wishful Thinking? Book Chapter
In: van Beuningen, Cor; Buitendijk, Kees (Ed.): Finance and the common good, pp. 114-121, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019, ISBN: 9789463727914.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economics, relational thinking
@inbook{Graafland2019i,
title = {Is Relational Thinking Wishful Thinking?},
author = {Johan Graafland},
editor = {Cor van Beuningen and Kees Buitendijk},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/finance-and-the-common-good/},
isbn = {9789463727914},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-16},
booktitle = {Finance and the common good},
pages = {114-121},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {This paper discusses the effects of relational thinking on our economy and on our society, asking whether market and morals, or the economy and relationships, are compatible in the first place.},
keywords = {economics, relational thinking},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
This paper discusses the effects of relational thinking on our economy and on our society, asking whether market and morals, or the economy and relationships, are compatible in the first place.
Buijs, Govert
On the Economic Trinity Book Chapter
In: van Beuningen, Cor; Buitendijk, Kees (Ed.): Finance and the Common Good, pp. 69-75, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019, ISBN: 9789463727914.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: contracts, stakeholders, transactions, trust
@inbook{Buijs2019,
title = {On the Economic Trinity},
author = {Govert Buijs},
editor = {Cor van Beuningen and Kees Buitendijk},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/finance-and-the-common-good/
https://www.moralmarkets.org/2019/on-the-economic-trinity/
https://www.moralmarkets.org/2017/market-transactions-trust-society/},
isbn = {9789463727914},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-16},
booktitle = {Finance and the Common Good},
pages = {69-75},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {In this chapter Govert Buijs argues that the failure of institutional order – by which he explicitly refers to the financial sector – is at the origin of populism and political unrest. He argues that restoring the ‘economic trinity’ is the first step towards a revitalisation of relationships within society.},
keywords = {contracts, stakeholders, transactions, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this chapter Govert Buijs argues that the failure of institutional order – by which he explicitly refers to the financial sector – is at the origin of populism and political unrest. He argues that restoring the ‘economic trinity’ is the first step towards a revitalisation of relationships within society.
de Jong, Eelke
Why an Open Dialogue is Needed Book Chapter
In: van Beuningen, Cor; Buitendijk, Kees (Ed.): Finance and the Common Good, pp. 49-59, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019, ISBN: 9789463727914.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic crisis, financialisation
@inbook{deJong2019,
title = {Why an Open Dialogue is Needed},
author = {Eelke de Jong},
editor = {Cor van Beuningen and Kees Buitendijk},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/finance-and-the-common-good/},
isbn = {9789463727914},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-16},
booktitle = {Finance and the Common Good},
pages = {49-59},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {Eelke de Jong argues that a truly honest and open dialogue on financialisation is imperative, especially in politics. As political unwillingness to intervene was one of the causes for the previous crisis, politicians should now draw their conclusions and act
to prevent another one.},
keywords = {economic crisis, financialisation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Eelke de Jong argues that a truly honest and open dialogue on financialisation is imperative, especially in politics. As political unwillingness to intervene was one of the causes for the previous crisis, politicians should now draw their conclusions and act
to prevent another one.
to prevent another one.
Bovenberg, Lans
Finance: A Relational Perspective Book Chapter
In: van Beuningen, Cor; Buitendijk, Kees (Ed.): Finance and the Common Good, pp. 79-96, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019, ISBN: 9789463727914.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economics education, relational thinking
@inbook{Bovenberg2019,
title = {Finance: A Relational Perspective},
author = {Lans Bovenberg },
editor = {Cor van Beuningen and Kees Buitendijk},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/finance-and-the-common-good/},
isbn = {9789463727914},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-16},
booktitle = {Finance and the Common Good},
pages = {79-96},
publisher = {Amsterdam University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {In this chapter Lans Bovenberg argues that things already go wrong in secondary-level education. If we teach the youth about a world of markets and competition, it should be no surprise that when they reach adulthood, they will interact with the world according to these principles. Prof. Bovenberg suggests that we approach economics and the financial sector from a relational
perspective.},
keywords = {economics education, relational thinking},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this chapter Lans Bovenberg argues that things already go wrong in secondary-level education. If we teach the youth about a world of markets and competition, it should be no surprise that when they reach adulthood, they will interact with the world according to these principles. Prof. Bovenberg suggests that we approach economics and the financial sector from a relational
perspective.
perspective.
Graafland, Johan
Competition in technology and innovation, motivation crowding, and environmental policy Journal Article
In: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: competition, corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental policy, innovation, moral motivation, motivation crowding theory
@article{Graafland2019c,
title = {Competition in technology and innovation, motivation crowding, and environmental policy},
author = {Johan Graafland },
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/Motives_Comp_CSREM.pdf},
doi = {10.1002/csr.1779},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-16},
journal = {Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management},
abstract = {This paper investigates the theoretical and empirical relevance of motivation crowding theory for owner–managers' motivation towards sustainable development. Motivation crowding theory has argued that external pressures enforce (crowd in) moral motivation if these pressures are perceived as supportive. On the basis of this theory, we conjecture that a competitive environment that is characterized by a high intensity of competition on innovation will crowd in moral motivation towards sustainable development if owner–managers believe that environmental policy practices increase the innovative capability of their company. Test results on survey data filled out by 650 owner–managers support this hypothesis. These results imply that policy makers, who aim at stimulating innovation as well as sustainable development, should inform managers about the innovation‐enhancing effects of environmental policy practices.},
keywords = {competition, corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental policy, innovation, moral motivation, motivation crowding theory},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper investigates the theoretical and empirical relevance of motivation crowding theory for owner–managers' motivation towards sustainable development. Motivation crowding theory has argued that external pressures enforce (crowd in) moral motivation if these pressures are perceived as supportive. On the basis of this theory, we conjecture that a competitive environment that is characterized by a high intensity of competition on innovation will crowd in moral motivation towards sustainable development if owner–managers believe that environmental policy practices increase the innovative capability of their company. Test results on survey data filled out by 650 owner–managers support this hypothesis. These results imply that policy makers, who aim at stimulating innovation as well as sustainable development, should inform managers about the innovation‐enhancing effects of environmental policy practices.
Buijs, Govert
Waarom Werken We Zo Hard? Op Weg naar een Economie van de Vreugde Book
Boom Filosofie, 2019, ISBN: 9789024426478.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic science, homo cooperans, homo economicus, rat race, self-interest, virtues
@book{Buijs2019b,
title = {Waarom Werken We Zo Hard? Op Weg naar een Economie van de Vreugde },
author = {Govert Buijs },
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/nl/book/waarom-werken-we-zo-hard/},
isbn = {9789024426478},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-29},
publisher = {Boom Filosofie},
abstract = {De economie is wellicht hét centrale voortbrengsel van homo sapiens. Govert Buijs wijst ons in Waarom Werken We Zo Hard? de weg naar ‘een economie van de vreugde’, een wereld waarin de economie de mens dient in plaats van andersom.
Waartoe is de economie op aarde? Waarom werken we zo hard? Zouden we niet gewoon toe kunnen met vijftien uur werk in de week, zoals Keynes ooit voorspelde? En waarom tellen we al dit gewerk dan ook nog eens bij elkaar op, zodat we één verzamelnaam kunnen gebruiken: ‘de economie’, waarmee het nu eens slecht kan gaan en dan weer goed, die kan groeien, krimpen, tot stilstand komen of juist floreren – en waar we dan ook nog voortdurend zorgen over hebben?
Inmiddels hebben we een economie die zo ongeveer het hele gelaat van de aarde bedekt, met overal bouwwerken, wegen, verontreinigde lucht en vervuilde zeeën. In dit aanstekelijk geschreven essay probeert Govert Buijs de vraag naar het waarom van die economie als product van menselijke activiteit te beantwoorden en een hoger doel te formuleren: een economie van de vreugde.},
keywords = {economic science, homo cooperans, homo economicus, rat race, self-interest, virtues},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
De economie is wellicht hét centrale voortbrengsel van homo sapiens. Govert Buijs wijst ons in Waarom Werken We Zo Hard? de weg naar ‘een economie van de vreugde’, een wereld waarin de economie de mens dient in plaats van andersom.
Waartoe is de economie op aarde? Waarom werken we zo hard? Zouden we niet gewoon toe kunnen met vijftien uur werk in de week, zoals Keynes ooit voorspelde? En waarom tellen we al dit gewerk dan ook nog eens bij elkaar op, zodat we één verzamelnaam kunnen gebruiken: ‘de economie’, waarmee het nu eens slecht kan gaan en dan weer goed, die kan groeien, krimpen, tot stilstand komen of juist floreren – en waar we dan ook nog voortdurend zorgen over hebben?
Inmiddels hebben we een economie die zo ongeveer het hele gelaat van de aarde bedekt, met overal bouwwerken, wegen, verontreinigde lucht en vervuilde zeeën. In dit aanstekelijk geschreven essay probeert Govert Buijs de vraag naar het waarom van die economie als product van menselijke activiteit te beantwoorden en een hoger doel te formuleren: een economie van de vreugde.
Waartoe is de economie op aarde? Waarom werken we zo hard? Zouden we niet gewoon toe kunnen met vijftien uur werk in de week, zoals Keynes ooit voorspelde? En waarom tellen we al dit gewerk dan ook nog eens bij elkaar op, zodat we één verzamelnaam kunnen gebruiken: ‘de economie’, waarmee het nu eens slecht kan gaan en dan weer goed, die kan groeien, krimpen, tot stilstand komen of juist floreren – en waar we dan ook nog voortdurend zorgen over hebben?
Inmiddels hebben we een economie die zo ongeveer het hele gelaat van de aarde bedekt, met overal bouwwerken, wegen, verontreinigde lucht en vervuilde zeeën. In dit aanstekelijk geschreven essay probeert Govert Buijs de vraag naar het waarom van die economie als product van menselijke activiteit te beantwoorden en een hoger doel te formuleren: een economie van de vreugde.
Graafland, Johan
Marktwerking, eigenbelang en … deugden; Adam Smith en recent onderzoek Journal Article
In: Radix (tijdschrift over geloof en wetenschap), vol. 45, no. 1 (april 2019), pp. 31-43, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith, deugden, eigenbelang, markteconomie, menselijk floreren
@article{Graafland2019h,
title = {Marktwerking, eigenbelang en … deugden; Adam Smith en recent onderzoek},
author = {Johan Graafland},
url = {https://www.geloofenwetenschap.nl/index.php/artikelen/item/download/114_813114037681a30a9889e93bb1a04a6d},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-01},
journal = {Radix (tijdschrift over geloof en wetenschap)},
volume = {45},
number = {1 (april 2019)},
pages = {31-43},
abstract = {Het belang van deugden in de economie is niet vanzelfsprekend. Veel economen gaan uit van het calvinistische mensbeeld dat de mens geneigd is tot het kwade en alleen eigenbelang nastreeft. Maar dat eigenbelang wordt steeds problematischer. Toch is het de vraag of economen deze les ter harte nemen. De gedachte dat het nastreven van het eigenbelang goed is voor de economie heeft immers al oude papieren. Deze gedachte gaat onder andere terug tot de Wealth of Nations van Adam Smith, de vader van de economische wetenschap. Maar het vreemde is dat Adam Smith in zijn andere boek, \emph{A Theory of Moral Sentiments}, betoogt dat een samenleving alleen maar gelukkig kan zijn als mensen deugdzaam handelen. In dit artikel analyseer ik hoe deze tweespalt in het denken van Adam Smith wortelt in zijn godsbeeld. Daarna presenteer ik recent onderzoek in het kader van het project What good markets are good for dat inzicht biedt of en hoe deugden in de economie van belang zijn voor het menselijk floreren.},
keywords = {Adam Smith, deugden, eigenbelang, markteconomie, menselijk floreren},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Het belang van deugden in de economie is niet vanzelfsprekend. Veel economen gaan uit van het calvinistische mensbeeld dat de mens geneigd is tot het kwade en alleen eigenbelang nastreeft. Maar dat eigenbelang wordt steeds problematischer. Toch is het de vraag of economen deze les ter harte nemen. De gedachte dat het nastreven van het eigenbelang goed is voor de economie heeft immers al oude papieren. Deze gedachte gaat onder andere terug tot de Wealth of Nations van Adam Smith, de vader van de economische wetenschap. Maar het vreemde is dat Adam Smith in zijn andere boek, A Theory of Moral Sentiments, betoogt dat een samenleving alleen maar gelukkig kan zijn als mensen deugdzaam handelen. In dit artikel analyseer ik hoe deze tweespalt in het denken van Adam Smith wortelt in zijn godsbeeld. Daarna presenteer ik recent onderzoek in het kader van het project What good markets are good for dat inzicht biedt of en hoe deugden in de economie van belang zijn voor het menselijk floreren.
Graafland, Johan
Economic freedom and corporate environmental responsibility: The role of small government and freedom from government regulation Journal Article
In: Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 218, pp. 250 - 258, 2019, ISSN: 0959-6526.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: corporate environmental responsibility, corporate social responsibility (CSR), economic freedom, freedom from government regulation, Small government
@article{GRAAFLAND2019250,
title = {Economic freedom and corporate environmental responsibility: The role of small government and freedom from government regulation},
author = {Johan Graafland},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965261930335X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.308},
issn = {0959-6526},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
volume = {218},
pages = {250 - 258},
abstract = {In international scientific literature, it is argued from institutional theory that economic freedom stimulates corporate environmental responsibility. However, economic freedom comprises several different dimensions, such as government size, rule of law, open markets, and (freedom from) government regulation. Whereas previous literature has shown that rule of law and open markets stimulate corporate environmental responsibility, the impact of government size and government regulation on corporate environmental responsibility of companies located in different countries has yet not been explored. This paper contributes to scientific literature by researching the effects of these two dimensions of economic freedom on corporate environmental responsibility. We hypothesize that small government stimulates corporate environmental responsibility and that freedom from government regulation discourages it. Using panel data from ASSET4 for the corporate environmental responsibility of 5023 companies, and data of government size and government regulation from Fraser Institute and Heritage Foundation for 41 countries, the authors perform panel analysis for the period 2005–2014 to test the hypotheses. The estimation results show that both small size of government and freedom from government regulation decrease corporate environmental responsibility. The test results are robust for the type of economic freedom data (Fraser Institute or Heritage Foundation) used.},
keywords = {corporate environmental responsibility, corporate social responsibility (CSR), economic freedom, freedom from government regulation, Small government},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In international scientific literature, it is argued from institutional theory that economic freedom stimulates corporate environmental responsibility. However, economic freedom comprises several different dimensions, such as government size, rule of law, open markets, and (freedom from) government regulation. Whereas previous literature has shown that rule of law and open markets stimulate corporate environmental responsibility, the impact of government size and government regulation on corporate environmental responsibility of companies located in different countries has yet not been explored. This paper contributes to scientific literature by researching the effects of these two dimensions of economic freedom on corporate environmental responsibility. We hypothesize that small government stimulates corporate environmental responsibility and that freedom from government regulation discourages it. Using panel data from ASSET4 for the corporate environmental responsibility of 5023 companies, and data of government size and government regulation from Fraser Institute and Heritage Foundation for 41 countries, the authors perform panel analysis for the period 2005–2014 to test the hypotheses. The estimation results show that both small size of government and freedom from government regulation decrease corporate environmental responsibility. The test results are robust for the type of economic freedom data (Fraser Institute or Heritage Foundation) used.
2018
van Baardewijk, Jelle
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2018.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: business students, moral formation, teaching ethics
@phdthesis{vanBaardewijk2018,
title = {The Moral Formation of Business Students; A Philosophical and Empirical Investigation of the Business Student Ethos},
author = {Jelle van Baardewijk},
url = {https://www.academia.edu/37812138/The_Moral_Formation_of_Business_Students_A_Philosophical_and_Empirical_Investigation_of_the_Business_Student_Ethos},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-04},
school = {Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam},
keywords = {business students, moral formation, teaching ethics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Verbrugge, Ad; Buijs, Govert; van Baardewijk, Jelle
Het Goede Leven en de Vrije Markt; Een Cultuurfilosofische Analyse Book
Lemniscaat, 2018, ISBN: 9789047709589.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arendt, Aristotle, Bentham, consumption, free markets, globalisation, Heidegger, human flourishing, Kant, Nussbaum, the good life, welfare
@book{Verbrugge2018,
title = {Het Goede Leven en de Vrije Markt; Een Cultuurfilosofische Analyse},
author = {Ad Verbrugge and Govert Buijs and Jelle van Baardewijk},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/nl/book/het-goede-leven-en-de-vrije-markt/},
isbn = {9789047709589},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-01},
publisher = {Lemniscaat},
abstract = {De vrije markt is overal: ze verspreidt zich over de wereld en haar rol in ons persoonlijke leven is groter dan ooit. We kunnen kopen wat we willen, en het welvaartsniveau was nog nooit zo hoog. Toch dringt zich de laatste tijd steeds meer de vraag op naar de schaduwkanten van de globaliserende markt.Draait alles om geld verdienen en consumeren? En kunnen we ons op de lange termijn wel een dergelijke economische bedrijvigheid blijven veroorloven? Brengt de vrije markt in haar huidige vorm het goede leven dichterbij, of staat ze de verwerkelijking daarvan juist in de weg of misschien beide tegelijk? En wat is dan ‘het goede leven’? Deze laatste vraag is van oudsher een kernvraag binnen de filosofie. Langs het gedachtegoed van filosofen uit alle tijden (van Aristoteles tot Heidegger, van Kant tot Arendt, en van Bentham tot Nussbaum) en aan de hand van hedendaagse boeken en films bespreken Verbrugge, Buijs en Van Baardewijk in dit boek het thema van het goede leven en de vrije markt. Ze zetten aan tot nadenken en maken de weg vrij voor een nieuw perspectief op de vrije markt.},
keywords = {Arendt, Aristotle, Bentham, consumption, free markets, globalisation, Heidegger, human flourishing, Kant, Nussbaum, the good life, welfare},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
De vrije markt is overal: ze verspreidt zich over de wereld en haar rol in ons persoonlijke leven is groter dan ooit. We kunnen kopen wat we willen, en het welvaartsniveau was nog nooit zo hoog. Toch dringt zich de laatste tijd steeds meer de vraag op naar de schaduwkanten van de globaliserende markt.Draait alles om geld verdienen en consumeren? En kunnen we ons op de lange termijn wel een dergelijke economische bedrijvigheid blijven veroorloven? Brengt de vrije markt in haar huidige vorm het goede leven dichterbij, of staat ze de verwerkelijking daarvan juist in de weg of misschien beide tegelijk? En wat is dan ‘het goede leven’? Deze laatste vraag is van oudsher een kernvraag binnen de filosofie. Langs het gedachtegoed van filosofen uit alle tijden (van Aristoteles tot Heidegger, van Kant tot Arendt, en van Bentham tot Nussbaum) en aan de hand van hedendaagse boeken en films bespreken Verbrugge, Buijs en Van Baardewijk in dit boek het thema van het goede leven en de vrije markt. Ze zetten aan tot nadenken en maken de weg vrij voor een nieuw perspectief op de vrije markt.
Verburg, Rudi
Greed, Self-Interest and the Shaping of Economics Book
Routledge, 2018, ISBN: 9781138285378.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic thinking, greed, self-interest
@book{Verburg2018b,
title = {Greed, Self-Interest and the Shaping of Economics},
author = {Rudi Verburg },
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/book/greed-self-interest-and-the-shaping-of-economics/},
isbn = {9781138285378},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Since 2008, profound questions have been asked about the driving forces and self-regulating potential of the economic system, political control and morality. With opinion turning against markets and self-interest, economists found themselves on the wrong side of the argument. This book explores how the past of economics can contribute to today’s debates.
Greed, Self-Interest and the Shaping of Economics considers how economics took shape as philosophers probed into the viability of commercial society and its potential to generate positive-sum outcomes. It explains how dreams of affluence, morality and happiness were built upon human greed and vanity. It covers the bumpy road of the construction and reconstruction of this dream, exploring the debate on the foundations, conditions and limitations of the idea of the social utility of greed and vanity. Revisiting this debate provides a rich source of ideas in rethinking economics and the basic beliefs concerning our economic system today.
},
keywords = {economic thinking, greed, self-interest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Since 2008, profound questions have been asked about the driving forces and self-regulating potential of the economic system, political control and morality. With opinion turning against markets and self-interest, economists found themselves on the wrong side of the argument. This book explores how the past of economics can contribute to today’s debates.
Greed, Self-Interest and the Shaping of Economics considers how economics took shape as philosophers probed into the viability of commercial society and its potential to generate positive-sum outcomes. It explains how dreams of affluence, morality and happiness were built upon human greed and vanity. It covers the bumpy road of the construction and reconstruction of this dream, exploring the debate on the foundations, conditions and limitations of the idea of the social utility of greed and vanity. Revisiting this debate provides a rich source of ideas in rethinking economics and the basic beliefs concerning our economic system today.
Greed, Self-Interest and the Shaping of Economics considers how economics took shape as philosophers probed into the viability of commercial society and its potential to generate positive-sum outcomes. It explains how dreams of affluence, morality and happiness were built upon human greed and vanity. It covers the bumpy road of the construction and reconstruction of this dream, exploring the debate on the foundations, conditions and limitations of the idea of the social utility of greed and vanity. Revisiting this debate provides a rich source of ideas in rethinking economics and the basic beliefs concerning our economic system today.
2017
Ballor, Jordan J.
Reformation Protestantism and the “Spirit” of Capitalism Book Chapter
In: Melloni, Alberto (Ed.): Martin Luther; A Christian between Reforms and Modernity (1517-2017), pp. 965–982, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2017, ISBN: 9783110499025.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Martin Luther, Max Weber, protestant ethic, spirit of capitalism
@inbook{Ballor2018,
title = {Reformation Protestantism and the “Spirit” of Capitalism},
author = {Jordan J. Ballor},
editor = {Alberto Melloni},
doi = {doi.org/10.1515/9783110499025-055},
isbn = {9783110499025},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-01},
booktitle = {Martin Luther; A Christian between Reforms and Modernity (1517-2017)},
pages = {965–982},
publisher = {De Gruyter},
address = {Berlin},
abstract = {Appearing at the dawn of the twentieth century, the German sociologist and philosopher Max Weber attempted to define a religious basis for economic life in his essays on "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." The argument in these essays came to be known as “The Weber Thesis,” which held that in the development of the modern world there was an intimate connection between religious doctrines and ethos on the one hand, and economic life and practice on the other.
After a summary of Weber’s basic argument, we will proceed to examine more closely the figure of Martin Luther (1483-1546) in Weber’s study. Then we shall examine the significance of Protestant rhetoric as it influenced both Protestant ethics and the cultural spirit underpinning modern economic life. As this survey approaches the contemporary era, we will find that there are good reasons to question Weber’s identification of specifically Protestant, and particularly Puritan, backgrounds for the spirit of modern capitalism. We will conclude with an evaluation of Weber’s thesis, which must be judged to be insightful even as it is incomplete and in some ways mistaken. In highlighting the doctrine of predestination as the dogmatic ground for the Puritan ethic and in turn the spirit of modern economic life, Weber displays an erroneous understanding of both this doctrine and its historical role. At the same time, however, Weber does rightly identify important features of capitalism and its grounding in Christian ethics, and these insights continue to have relevance and insight today.},
keywords = {Martin Luther, Max Weber, protestant ethic, spirit of capitalism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Appearing at the dawn of the twentieth century, the German sociologist and philosopher Max Weber attempted to define a religious basis for economic life in his essays on "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." The argument in these essays came to be known as “The Weber Thesis,” which held that in the development of the modern world there was an intimate connection between religious doctrines and ethos on the one hand, and economic life and practice on the other.
After a summary of Weber’s basic argument, we will proceed to examine more closely the figure of Martin Luther (1483-1546) in Weber’s study. Then we shall examine the significance of Protestant rhetoric as it influenced both Protestant ethics and the cultural spirit underpinning modern economic life. As this survey approaches the contemporary era, we will find that there are good reasons to question Weber’s identification of specifically Protestant, and particularly Puritan, backgrounds for the spirit of modern capitalism. We will conclude with an evaluation of Weber’s thesis, which must be judged to be insightful even as it is incomplete and in some ways mistaken. In highlighting the doctrine of predestination as the dogmatic ground for the Puritan ethic and in turn the spirit of modern economic life, Weber displays an erroneous understanding of both this doctrine and its historical role. At the same time, however, Weber does rightly identify important features of capitalism and its grounding in Christian ethics, and these insights continue to have relevance and insight today.
After a summary of Weber’s basic argument, we will proceed to examine more closely the figure of Martin Luther (1483-1546) in Weber’s study. Then we shall examine the significance of Protestant rhetoric as it influenced both Protestant ethics and the cultural spirit underpinning modern economic life. As this survey approaches the contemporary era, we will find that there are good reasons to question Weber’s identification of specifically Protestant, and particularly Puritan, backgrounds for the spirit of modern capitalism. We will conclude with an evaluation of Weber’s thesis, which must be judged to be insightful even as it is incomplete and in some ways mistaken. In highlighting the doctrine of predestination as the dogmatic ground for the Puritan ethic and in turn the spirit of modern economic life, Weber displays an erroneous understanding of both this doctrine and its historical role. At the same time, however, Weber does rightly identify important features of capitalism and its grounding in Christian ethics, and these insights continue to have relevance and insight today.
Graafland, Johan; Lous, Bjorn
Economic Freedom, Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction in OECD Countries Journal Article
In: Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. online first, pp. 1-23, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic freedom, income inequality, life satisfaction, mediation, regulation, tax freedom, trade freedom
@article{Graafland2017,
title = { Economic Freedom, Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction in OECD Countries},
author = {Johan Graafland and Bjorn Lous},
doi = {10.1007/s10902-017-9905-7},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-12},
journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
volume = {online first},
pages = {1-23},
abstract = {Since \emph{Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century} in 2014, scientific interest into the impact of income inequality on society has been on the rise. However, little is known about the mediating role of income inequality in the relationship between market institutions and subjective well-being. Using panel analysis on a sample of 21 OECD countries to test the effects of five different types of economic freedom on income inequality, we find that fiscal freedom, free trade and freedom from government regulation increase income inequality, whereas sound money decreases income inequality. Income inequality is found to have a negative effect on life satisfaction. Mediation tests show that income inequality mediates the influence of fiscal freedom, free trade and freedom from government regulation on life satisfaction. },
keywords = {economic freedom, income inequality, life satisfaction, mediation, regulation, tax freedom, trade freedom},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century in 2014, scientific interest into the impact of income inequality on society has been on the rise. However, little is known about the mediating role of income inequality in the relationship between market institutions and subjective well-being. Using panel analysis on a sample of 21 OECD countries to test the effects of five different types of economic freedom on income inequality, we find that fiscal freedom, free trade and freedom from government regulation increase income inequality, whereas sound money decreases income inequality. Income inequality is found to have a negative effect on life satisfaction. Mediation tests show that income inequality mediates the influence of fiscal freedom, free trade and freedom from government regulation on life satisfaction.
Ballor, Jordan J.
A Biblical Myth at the Origin of Smith's The Wealth of Nations Journal Article
In: Journal of the History of Economic Thought , vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 223–38, 2017, ISSN: 1053-8372.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith, Bible, political economy, Wealth of Nations
@article{Ballor2017,
title = {A Biblical Myth at the Origin of Smith's The Wealth of Nations},
author = {Jordan J. Ballor },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1053837216000286},
doi = {10.1017/S1053837216000286},
issn = {1053-8372},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-01},
journal = {Journal of the History of Economic Thought },
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {223–38},
abstract = {There is a subset of scholarly literature that asserts that the title of Adam Smith’s famous work, The Wealth of Nations, is an allusion to passages from the Bible, such as Isaiah 60:5. Strong forms of the claim of this relationship between Smith and Scripture argue for a direct reliance of the former upon the latter. Weaker forms of the claim merely raise the possibility of the relationship or point more broadly to the significance and relevance of scriptural passages. This article sets these claims against the historical context of Smith and his work, finding that the relationship among “the wealth of nations,” Adam Smith, and English translations of the Bible demonstrates that Smith did not, in fact, allude to the passages in Isaiah. Thus, the rise of political economy itself, of which Smith’s work was an important element, was part of the background for, and preceded the appearance of, the phrase in English bibles.},
keywords = {Adam Smith, Bible, political economy, Wealth of Nations},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is a subset of scholarly literature that asserts that the title of Adam Smith’s famous work, The Wealth of Nations, is an allusion to passages from the Bible, such as Isaiah 60:5. Strong forms of the claim of this relationship between Smith and Scripture argue for a direct reliance of the former upon the latter. Weaker forms of the claim merely raise the possibility of the relationship or point more broadly to the significance and relevance of scriptural passages. This article sets these claims against the historical context of Smith and his work, finding that the relationship among “the wealth of nations,” Adam Smith, and English translations of the Bible demonstrates that Smith did not, in fact, allude to the passages in Isaiah. Thus, the rise of political economy itself, of which Smith’s work was an important element, was part of the background for, and preceded the appearance of, the phrase in English bibles.
2015
de Jong, Eelke
The Cultural View on Financial Markets Book Chapter
In: Jessop, Bob; Young, Brigitte; Scherrer, Christoph (Ed.): Financial Cultures and Crisis Dynamics, pp. 44-63, Routledge, London and New York, 2015, ISBN: 9781138226807.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: culture, financial crisis, financial markets
@inbook{deJong2015,
title = {The Cultural View on Financial Markets},
author = {Eelke de Jong},
editor = {Bob Jessop and Brigitte Young and Christoph Scherrer},
url = {https://www.routledge.com/Financial-Cultures-and-Crisis-Dynamics/Jessop-Young-Scherrer/p/book/9781138776043},
isbn = {9781138226807},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-26},
booktitle = {Financial Cultures and Crisis Dynamics},
pages = {44-63},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London and New York},
keywords = {culture, financial crisis, financial markets},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Buijs, Govert
Remembering the Future – Religion, social capital and the development of the West Book Chapter
In: van der Braak, André; Wei, Dedong; Zhu, Caifang (Ed.): Religion and Social Cohesion. Western, Chinese and Intercultural Perspectives, pp. 21 - 40, VU University Press, Amsterdam, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: burgher culture, christianity, freedom, religion, social capital
@inbook{Buijs2015,
title = {Remembering the Future – Religion, social capital and the development of the West},
author = {Govert Buijs },
editor = {André van der Braak and Dedong Wei and Caifang Zhu},
url = {http://vuuniversitypress.com/16-dtlas/119-religion-and-social-cohesion},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-16},
booktitle = {Religion and Social Cohesion. Western, Chinese and Intercultural Perspectives},
pages = {21 - 40},
publisher = {VU University Press},
address = {Amsterdam},
abstract = {In this paper it is argued that religion can provide social capital in various ways: by fostering certain norms of cooperation and by providing some substantial ideas about a good, a humane society. Moreover, it can stimulate people to experiment with new social forms and social initiatives. This is attested by an interpretation of the role Christianity has played in the development of Western society, giving rise to what can be called ‘burgher culture’, centered around a set of basic values. However, the developmental impulses that came out of the Christian tradition have at the same time been subject to various shadows that have been hard to counter, but that undermine time and again the central tenets of the burgher culture. Attention for the role of social capital, and freedom of religion as part of a larger freedom of civil society, can be at least one of the possible remedies and may keep the future open to constant new humanizing possibilities.},
keywords = {burgher culture, christianity, freedom, religion, social capital},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this paper it is argued that religion can provide social capital in various ways: by fostering certain norms of cooperation and by providing some substantial ideas about a good, a humane society. Moreover, it can stimulate people to experiment with new social forms and social initiatives. This is attested by an interpretation of the role Christianity has played in the development of Western society, giving rise to what can be called ‘burgher culture’, centered around a set of basic values. However, the developmental impulses that came out of the Christian tradition have at the same time been subject to various shadows that have been hard to counter, but that undermine time and again the central tenets of the burgher culture. Attention for the role of social capital, and freedom of religion as part of a larger freedom of civil society, can be at least one of the possible remedies and may keep the future open to constant new humanizing possibilities.
Graafland, Johan; Compen, B.
Economic Freedom and Life Satisfaction: Mediation by Income per Capita and Generalized Trust Journal Article
In: Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 789–810, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: economic freedom, income per capita, life satisfaction, mediation, rule of law, trust
@article{Graafland2015,
title = {Economic Freedom and Life Satisfaction: Mediation by Income per Capita and Generalized Trust},
author = {Johan Graafland and B. Compen},
doi = {10.1007/s10902-014-9534-3},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-04-03},
journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {789–810},
abstract = {Several researches have shown that economic freedom is positively related to life satisfaction. Only a few studies, however, have examined which aspects of economic freedom (small government size, quality of the legal system, sound money, trade openness or no regulation) drive this relationship. Furthermore, most studies construe the influence of economic freedom as additional to the influence of income per capita on life satisfaction. No research has studied the potential mediating role of income per capita or other mediators in the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction. In order to fill these gaps, this paper aims (1) to investigate which aspects of economic freedom are most related to life satisfaction, and (2) to test whether these relationships are mediated by income and trust. Based on a sample of 120 countries, we find that life satisfaction is positively related to the quality of the legal system and negatively related to small government size. Income per capita mediates the positive influence of the quality of the legal system on life satisfaction. Trust is found to mediate the positive influence of the quality of legal system and the negative influence of small government size on life satisfaction, but the significance of these indirect effects depends on the type of economic freedom indicators used. We find no significant direct effects from the economic freedom indicators on life satisfaction.},
keywords = {economic freedom, income per capita, life satisfaction, mediation, rule of law, trust},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Several researches have shown that economic freedom is positively related to life satisfaction. Only a few studies, however, have examined which aspects of economic freedom (small government size, quality of the legal system, sound money, trade openness or no regulation) drive this relationship. Furthermore, most studies construe the influence of economic freedom as additional to the influence of income per capita on life satisfaction. No research has studied the potential mediating role of income per capita or other mediators in the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction. In order to fill these gaps, this paper aims (1) to investigate which aspects of economic freedom are most related to life satisfaction, and (2) to test whether these relationships are mediated by income and trust. Based on a sample of 120 countries, we find that life satisfaction is positively related to the quality of the legal system and negatively related to small government size. Income per capita mediates the positive influence of the quality of the legal system on life satisfaction. Trust is found to mediate the positive influence of the quality of legal system and the negative influence of small government size on life satisfaction, but the significance of these indirect effects depends on the type of economic freedom indicators used. We find no significant direct effects from the economic freedom indicators on life satisfaction.
2014
Graafland, Johan
The Market, Happiness and Solidarity. A Christian Perspective Book
Routlege, London, 2014, ISBN: 9781138805439.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: christianity, happiness, justice, markets, solidarity, virtue ethics, welfare
@book{Graafland2014,
title = {The Market, Happiness and Solidarity. A Christian Perspective},
author = {Johan Graafland },
url = {https://www.routledge.com/The-Market-Happiness-and-Solidarity-A-Christian-perspective/Graafland/p/book/9781138805439},
isbn = {9781138805439},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-06-23},
booktitle = {The Market, Happiness and Solidarity. A Christian Perspective},
pages = {208},
publisher = {Routlege},
address = {London},
abstract = {The past two decades of market operation has generated welfare and economic growth in Western countries, but increasing income inequalities, depletion of the natural environment and the current financial crisis have led to an intense debate about the advantages and disadvantages of the free market. With this book, Professor Graafland makes a valuable contribution to the Christian debate about the market economy. In particular, it aims to clarify the links between ethical values, Christian belief and economics, as well as informing theologians and economists about recent economic insights into market operation.
The book investigates the effect of free market operation on welfare and well-being, calling into question why one would favour more market competition as a means of increasing happiness. As well as this, Professor Graafland examines how free market competition relates to principles of justice and looks at whether it enforces or crowds out Christian virtues like love, humility and temperance.
Books that systematically link biblical teaching about the economy to recent theoretical and empirical research in economics on free market operation are rare. Most Christian books on the market system are theologically oriented, lacking a sound basis in the extensive knowledge of the recent economic literature on market operation. This book confronts Christian ethical standards with current economic literature on the effects of market operation on welfare, happiness, human rights, inequality and virtues in order to develop a well-based and balanced view of the pros and cons of market operation. This book will be of interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, philosophy and theology.},
keywords = {christianity, happiness, justice, markets, solidarity, virtue ethics, welfare},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The past two decades of market operation has generated welfare and economic growth in Western countries, but increasing income inequalities, depletion of the natural environment and the current financial crisis have led to an intense debate about the advantages and disadvantages of the free market. With this book, Professor Graafland makes a valuable contribution to the Christian debate about the market economy. In particular, it aims to clarify the links between ethical values, Christian belief and economics, as well as informing theologians and economists about recent economic insights into market operation.
The book investigates the effect of free market operation on welfare and well-being, calling into question why one would favour more market competition as a means of increasing happiness. As well as this, Professor Graafland examines how free market competition relates to principles of justice and looks at whether it enforces or crowds out Christian virtues like love, humility and temperance.
Books that systematically link biblical teaching about the economy to recent theoretical and empirical research in economics on free market operation are rare. Most Christian books on the market system are theologically oriented, lacking a sound basis in the extensive knowledge of the recent economic literature on market operation. This book confronts Christian ethical standards with current economic literature on the effects of market operation on welfare, happiness, human rights, inequality and virtues in order to develop a well-based and balanced view of the pros and cons of market operation. This book will be of interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, philosophy and theology.
The book investigates the effect of free market operation on welfare and well-being, calling into question why one would favour more market competition as a means of increasing happiness. As well as this, Professor Graafland examines how free market competition relates to principles of justice and looks at whether it enforces or crowds out Christian virtues like love, humility and temperance.
Books that systematically link biblical teaching about the economy to recent theoretical and empirical research in economics on free market operation are rare. Most Christian books on the market system are theologically oriented, lacking a sound basis in the extensive knowledge of the recent economic literature on market operation. This book confronts Christian ethical standards with current economic literature on the effects of market operation on welfare, happiness, human rights, inequality and virtues in order to develop a well-based and balanced view of the pros and cons of market operation. This book will be of interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, philosophy and theology.
de Jong, Eelke
The Cultural-Economic Perspective on Values and Virtues Book Chapter
In: de Vries, Michiel; Kim, P. (Ed.): Value and Virtue in Public Administration. A Comparative Perspective, pp. 84-97, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, ISBN: 978-0-230-35388-6.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavioral economics, neo-classical economics, new institutional economics, public sector, values, virtues
@inbook{deJong2014,
title = {The Cultural-Economic Perspective on Values and Virtues},
author = {Eelke de Jong},
editor = {Michiel de Vries and P. Kim},
url = {http://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9780230236479#reviews},
doi = {10.1057/9780230353886},
isbn = {978-0-230-35388-6},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-04-30},
booktitle = {Value and Virtue in Public Administration. A Comparative Perspective},
pages = {84-97},
publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
keywords = {behavioral economics, neo-classical economics, new institutional economics, public sector, values, virtues},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2013
van Geest, Paul; Poorthuis, Marcel; Wagenaar, Theo; Warringa, Alette (Ed.)
Vrienden met de Mammon; De levensbeschouwelijke dimensie in de economie Book
Parthenon, Almere, 2013, ISBN: 9789079578511.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavioral economics, world view
@book{VanGeestPoorthuisWagenaarWarringa2013,
title = {Vrienden met de Mammon; De levensbeschouwelijke dimensie in de economie },
editor = {Paul van Geest and Marcel Poorthuis and Theo Wagenaar and Alette Warringa},
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/VanGeestPoorthuisWagenaarWarringa2013.pdf},
isbn = {9789079578511},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-30},
publisher = {Parthenon},
address = {Almere},
abstract = {Is de economie een proces van autonome wetten die zich gedragen als natuurwetten? Of speelt de human factor mee, in de vorm van keuzes, ethische afwegingen, en culturele en religieuze achtergronden?
Lange tijd is aangenomen dat in de marktwerking 'de onzichtbare hand van God' aan het werk is en dat zelfsturing van de economie als vanzelf een goede maatschappij oplevert. Dit roept het beeld op van de economie als een zelfstandig voortbewegende kolos met eigen onveranderlijke wetten. Met deze metafoor is het gemakkelijk om de roep om een rechtvaardiger verdeling en andere ethische eisen vanuit de theologie af te doen als naïef en onrealistisch. En dat terwijl heilige teksten veelvuldig en scherpzinnig spreken over zaken als handel, geldhuishouding, de waarde van arbeid en een eerlijke verdeling van bezit.
Economen beginnen de menselijke dimensies van vrijheid, geweten, begeerte, vertrouwen en verlangen naar geluk meer en meer van invloed te zien op de economie. Kritische geesten menen dat elke economie impliciet een mensbeeld, een maatschappijvisie en zelfs een opvatting over de hoogste waarde herbergt. Hoe kan economie ontmaskerd kan worden in haar dimensie van verborgen levensbeschouwingen?
Ruim twintig auteurs - economen, theologen, een rabbijn, filosofen, sociologen, politici en juristen, allen verbonden aan de Universiteit van Tilburg - houden zich in deze bundel bezig met de verhouding tussen economie en levensbeschouwing. Ze proberen een uitweg te vinden uit twee elkaar bestrijdende extremen: een goddelijke sanctionering van de economie en een al even radicale veroordeling ervan.
De mammon is nu eenmaal een duivelse macht, maar niettemin kun je er vriendschap mee sluiten.},
keywords = {behavioral economics, world view},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Is de economie een proces van autonome wetten die zich gedragen als natuurwetten? Of speelt de human factor mee, in de vorm van keuzes, ethische afwegingen, en culturele en religieuze achtergronden?
Lange tijd is aangenomen dat in de marktwerking 'de onzichtbare hand van God' aan het werk is en dat zelfsturing van de economie als vanzelf een goede maatschappij oplevert. Dit roept het beeld op van de economie als een zelfstandig voortbewegende kolos met eigen onveranderlijke wetten. Met deze metafoor is het gemakkelijk om de roep om een rechtvaardiger verdeling en andere ethische eisen vanuit de theologie af te doen als naïef en onrealistisch. En dat terwijl heilige teksten veelvuldig en scherpzinnig spreken over zaken als handel, geldhuishouding, de waarde van arbeid en een eerlijke verdeling van bezit.
Economen beginnen de menselijke dimensies van vrijheid, geweten, begeerte, vertrouwen en verlangen naar geluk meer en meer van invloed te zien op de economie. Kritische geesten menen dat elke economie impliciet een mensbeeld, een maatschappijvisie en zelfs een opvatting over de hoogste waarde herbergt. Hoe kan economie ontmaskerd kan worden in haar dimensie van verborgen levensbeschouwingen?
Ruim twintig auteurs - economen, theologen, een rabbijn, filosofen, sociologen, politici en juristen, allen verbonden aan de Universiteit van Tilburg - houden zich in deze bundel bezig met de verhouding tussen economie en levensbeschouwing. Ze proberen een uitweg te vinden uit twee elkaar bestrijdende extremen: een goddelijke sanctionering van de economie en een al even radicale veroordeling ervan.
De mammon is nu eenmaal een duivelse macht, maar niettemin kun je er vriendschap mee sluiten.
Lange tijd is aangenomen dat in de marktwerking 'de onzichtbare hand van God' aan het werk is en dat zelfsturing van de economie als vanzelf een goede maatschappij oplevert. Dit roept het beeld op van de economie als een zelfstandig voortbewegende kolos met eigen onveranderlijke wetten. Met deze metafoor is het gemakkelijk om de roep om een rechtvaardiger verdeling en andere ethische eisen vanuit de theologie af te doen als naïef en onrealistisch. En dat terwijl heilige teksten veelvuldig en scherpzinnig spreken over zaken als handel, geldhuishouding, de waarde van arbeid en een eerlijke verdeling van bezit.
Economen beginnen de menselijke dimensies van vrijheid, geweten, begeerte, vertrouwen en verlangen naar geluk meer en meer van invloed te zien op de economie. Kritische geesten menen dat elke economie impliciet een mensbeeld, een maatschappijvisie en zelfs een opvatting over de hoogste waarde herbergt. Hoe kan economie ontmaskerd kan worden in haar dimensie van verborgen levensbeschouwingen?
Ruim twintig auteurs - economen, theologen, een rabbijn, filosofen, sociologen, politici en juristen, allen verbonden aan de Universiteit van Tilburg - houden zich in deze bundel bezig met de verhouding tussen economie en levensbeschouwing. Ze proberen een uitweg te vinden uit twee elkaar bestrijdende extremen: een goddelijke sanctionering van de economie en een al even radicale veroordeling ervan.
De mammon is nu eenmaal een duivelse macht, maar niettemin kun je er vriendschap mee sluiten.
2012
Rijsenbilt, Antoinette; Commandeur, Harry
Narcissus Enters the Courtroom: CEO Narcissism and Fraud Journal Article
In: Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 413–429, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: AAER, Chief Executive Officer, Fraud, Narcissism
@article{Rijsenbilt2012,
title = {Narcissus Enters the Courtroom: CEO Narcissism and Fraud},
author = {Antoinette Rijsenbilt and Harry Commandeur},
doi = {10.1007/s10551-012-1528-7},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-10-27},
journal = {Journal of Business Ethics},
volume = {117},
number = {2},
pages = {413–429},
abstract = {This study explores the aspects of the relationship between possible indicators of CEO narcissism and fraud. Highly narcissistic CEOs undertake challenging or bold actions to obtain frequent praise and admiration. The pursuit of narcissistic supply may result in a stronger likelihood of a CEO to undertake bold actions with potential detrimental consequences for the organization. The sample consists of all S&P 500 CEOs from 1992 till 2008 with more than 3 years of tenure. The measurement of CEO narcissism is based on 15 objective indicators and fits the main conceptualization of narcissism. This data collection provides a score for all S&P 500 CEOs according to their narcissistic tendencies. The Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases on the SEC’s website are the indicators of managerial fraud. The findings confirm the expected influence of plausible proxies for CEO narcissism on fraud by showing a positive relationship. This confirms the psychologic perspective of CEO narcissism as a potential cause of fraud.},
keywords = {AAER, Chief Executive Officer, Fraud, Narcissism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study explores the aspects of the relationship between possible indicators of CEO narcissism and fraud. Highly narcissistic CEOs undertake challenging or bold actions to obtain frequent praise and admiration. The pursuit of narcissistic supply may result in a stronger likelihood of a CEO to undertake bold actions with potential detrimental consequences for the organization. The sample consists of all S&P 500 CEOs from 1992 till 2008 with more than 3 years of tenure. The measurement of CEO narcissism is based on 15 objective indicators and fits the main conceptualization of narcissism. This data collection provides a score for all S&P 500 CEOs according to their narcissistic tendencies. The Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases on the SEC’s website are the indicators of managerial fraud. The findings confirm the expected influence of plausible proxies for CEO narcissism on fraud by showing a positive relationship. This confirms the psychologic perspective of CEO narcissism as a potential cause of fraud.
Wells, Thomas; Graafland, Johan
Adam Smith’s Bourgeois Virtues in Competition Journal Article
In: Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 319-350, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith, bourgeois virtues, business ethics, competition, virtue ethics
@article{Wells2012,
title = {Adam Smith’s Bourgeois Virtues in Competition},
author = {Thomas Wells and Johan Graafland },
url = {https://www.moralmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/Adam-Smith’s-Bourgeois-Virtues-in-Competition.pdf},
doi = {10.5840/beq201222222},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-04-29},
journal = {Business Ethics Quarterly},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {319-350},
abstract = { Whether or not capitalism is compatible with ethics is a long standing dispute. We take up an approach to virtue ethics inspired by Adam Smith and consider how market competition influences the virtues most associated with modern commercial society. Up to a point, competition nurtures and supports such virtues
as prudence, temperance, civility, industriousness and honesty. But there are also various mechanisms by which competition can have deleterious effects on the institutions and incentives necessary for sustaining even these most commercially friendly of virtues. It is often supposed that if competitive markets are good, more competition must always be better. However, in the long run competition enhancing
policies that neglect the nurturing and support of the bourgeois virtues may undermine the continued flourishing of modern commercial society.},
keywords = {Adam Smith, bourgeois virtues, business ethics, competition, virtue ethics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whether or not capitalism is compatible with ethics is a long standing dispute. We take up an approach to virtue ethics inspired by Adam Smith and consider how market competition influences the virtues most associated with modern commercial society. Up to a point, competition nurtures and supports such virtues
as prudence, temperance, civility, industriousness and honesty. But there are also various mechanisms by which competition can have deleterious effects on the institutions and incentives necessary for sustaining even these most commercially friendly of virtues. It is often supposed that if competitive markets are good, more competition must always be better. However, in the long run competition enhancing
policies that neglect the nurturing and support of the bourgeois virtues may undermine the continued flourishing of modern commercial society.
as prudence, temperance, civility, industriousness and honesty. But there are also various mechanisms by which competition can have deleterious effects on the institutions and incentives necessary for sustaining even these most commercially friendly of virtues. It is often supposed that if competitive markets are good, more competition must always be better. However, in the long run competition enhancing
policies that neglect the nurturing and support of the bourgeois virtues may undermine the continued flourishing of modern commercial society.
Wijngaards, Aloys; Sent, Esther-Mirjam
Meaning of Life: Exploring the Relation between Economics and Religion Journal Article
In: Review of Social Economy, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 109-130, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavioral economics, meaning, religion, religious symbolism
@article{Wijngaards2012,
title = {Meaning of Life: Exploring the Relation between Economics and Religion},
author = {Aloys Wijngaards and Esther-Mirjam Sent},
doi = {10.1080/00346764.2011.592277},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-04-24},
journal = {Review of Social Economy},
volume = {70},
number = {1},
pages = {109-130},
abstract = {This paper starts from the perspective that giving meaning to life is a key function of religion: through its narratives, rituals, creeds, and practices, religion clothes life in a meaningful frame. Interestingly, though, meaning of life has not yet appeared in studies on the relation between religion and economic behavior. As meaning of life may prove to be a crucial factor in understanding this relation, this paper seeks to develop a new approach to understanding the link between religion and economic behavior from the viewpoint of meaning of life.},
keywords = {behavioral economics, meaning, religion, religious symbolism},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper starts from the perspective that giving meaning to life is a key function of religion: through its narratives, rituals, creeds, and practices, religion clothes life in a meaningful frame. Interestingly, though, meaning of life has not yet appeared in studies on the relation between religion and economic behavior. As meaning of life may prove to be a crucial factor in understanding this relation, this paper seeks to develop a new approach to understanding the link between religion and economic behavior from the viewpoint of meaning of life.
2011
Graafland, Johan; van de Ven, B.
The Credit Crisis and the Moral Responsibility of Professionals in Finance Journal Article
In: Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 605-619, 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anglo-Saxon capitalism, banking, credit crisis, financial ethics, MacIntyre, professional ethics, virtue ethics
@article{Graafland2011,
title = {The Credit Crisis and the Moral Responsibility of Professionals in Finance},
author = {Johan Graafland and B. van de Ven},
doi = {10.1007/s10551-011-0883-0},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-04-14},
journal = {Journal of Business Ethics},
volume = {103},
number = {4},
pages = {605-619},
abstract = {Starting from MacIntyre’s virtue ethics, we investigate several codes of conduct of banks to identify the type of virtues that are needed to realize their mission. Based on this analysis, we define three core virtues: honesty, due care, and accuracy. We compare and contrast these codes of conduct with the actual behavior of banks that led to the credit crisis and find that in some cases banks did not behave according to the moral standards they set themselves. However, although banks and the professionals working in them can be blamed for what they did, one should also acknowledge that the institutional context of the free market economy in which they operated made it difficult to live up to the core values lying at the basis of the codes of conduct. Given the neo-liberal free market system, innovative and risky strategies to enhance profits are considered desirable for the sake of shareholder’s interests. A return to the core virtues in the financial sector will therefore only succeed if a renewed sense of responsibility in the sector is supported by institutional changes that allow banks to put their mission into practice.},
keywords = {Anglo-Saxon capitalism, banking, credit crisis, financial ethics, MacIntyre, professional ethics, virtue ethics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Starting from MacIntyre’s virtue ethics, we investigate several codes of conduct of banks to identify the type of virtues that are needed to realize their mission. Based on this analysis, we define three core virtues: honesty, due care, and accuracy. We compare and contrast these codes of conduct with the actual behavior of banks that led to the credit crisis and find that in some cases banks did not behave according to the moral standards they set themselves. However, although banks and the professionals working in them can be blamed for what they did, one should also acknowledge that the institutional context of the free market economy in which they operated made it difficult to live up to the core values lying at the basis of the codes of conduct. Given the neo-liberal free market system, innovative and risky strategies to enhance profits are considered desirable for the sake of shareholder’s interests. A return to the core virtues in the financial sector will therefore only succeed if a renewed sense of responsibility in the sector is supported by institutional changes that allow banks to put their mission into practice.
Bohn, Frank; de Jong, Eelke
The 2010 Euro Crisis Stand-off between France and Germany: Leadership Styles and Political Culture Journal Article
In: International Economics and Economic Policy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 7-14, 2011, ISBN: 1612-4804.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: culture, debt crisis, euro, financial crisis, France, Germany, Greece, IMF, leadership styles
@article{Bohn2011,
title = {The 2010 Euro Crisis Stand-off between France and Germany: Leadership Styles and Political Culture},
author = {Frank Bohn and Eelke de Jong },
doi = {10.1007/s10368-011-0184-1},
isbn = {1612-4804},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-04-12},
journal = {International Economics and Economic Policy},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {7-14},
abstract = {In this paper, we argue that the severity of the 2010 euro crisis was caused by and reveals differences in leadership styles and political culture between European countries, especially between France and Germany. We trace these differences to differences in underlying values: culture. There is a historic pattern, visible especially during the European integration process. Cultural differences explain differences in attitude towards leadership and IMF involvement, lead to a stand-off and, thereby, dramatically increase the uncertainty about the commitment of the eurozone and the EU towards Greece.},
keywords = {culture, debt crisis, euro, financial crisis, France, Germany, Greece, IMF, leadership styles},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we argue that the severity of the 2010 euro crisis was caused by and reveals differences in leadership styles and political culture between European countries, especially between France and Germany. We trace these differences to differences in underlying values: culture. There is a historic pattern, visible especially during the European integration process. Cultural differences explain differences in attitude towards leadership and IMF involvement, lead to a stand-off and, thereby, dramatically increase the uncertainty about the commitment of the eurozone and the EU towards Greece.
de Jong, Eelke
Religious Values and Economic Growth. A Review and Assessment of Recent Studies Book Chapter
In: ter Haar, Gerrie (Ed.): Religion and Development; Ways of Transforming the World, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011, ISBN: 9781849041393.
BibTeX | Tags: economic growth, institutions, religion, values
@inbook{deJong2011,
title = {Religious Values and Economic Growth. A Review and Assessment of Recent Studies},
author = {Eelke de Jong},
editor = {Gerrie ter Haar},
isbn = {9781849041393},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-04-11},
booktitle = {Religion and Development; Ways of Transforming the World},
publisher = {Columbia University Press},
address = {New York},
keywords = {economic growth, institutions, religion, values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2009
de Jong, Eelke
Culture and Economics : On Values, Economics and International Business Book
Routledge, London and New York, 2009, ISBN: 9780415438612.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adam Smith, culture, culture in economic analysis, economic performance, institutional economics
@book{deJong2009,
title = {Culture and Economics : On Values, Economics and International Business},
author = {Eelke de Jong },
doi = {10.4324/9781315881362},
isbn = {9780415438612},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-04-23},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {London and New York},
abstract = {Since the early 1990s, culture, in the sense of norms and values, has entered economic analysis again, whereas it was totally absent from mainstream economics during most of the second half of the twentieth century. The disappointing results of mainstream economics and developments in the world economy triggered an awareness of the relevance of the context in which people make decisions. Developments which were triggering this were the unexpected high growth rates in Asia, (the Asian miracle), the transition of previously centrally planned economies and the increased attention for the role of religion after 9/11/2001. Some of the areas this research covers are:
* The history of culture in economics from Adam Smith to the present
* The way culture is incorporated into economic analysis
* Methods used in empirical analysis on culture and economics
* Culture as an explanatory factor of cross-country difference in institutions and performance
Culture appears to be relevant for explaining differences between otherwise similar countries; in particular OECD-countries. Uncertainty avoidance, for example, significantly explains the relative importance of financial markets. This book is the first that provides an overview of the field of culture and economics and will be of use to postgraduate researchers in the field of economics and culture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - A history of thought about culture and economy
Chapter 3 - The re-emergence of culture in economics
Chapter 4 - Methods and methodology of culture and economics
Chapter 5 - Culture and cross-country differences in institutions
Chapter 6 - Culture and economic performance
Chapter 7 - Religion as culture
Chapter 8 - Mapping the landscape of social capital: the need for a two-level approach
Chapter 9 - International relations and coordination
Chapter 10 - Conclusions and recommendations
},
keywords = {Adam Smith, culture, culture in economic analysis, economic performance, institutional economics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Since the early 1990s, culture, in the sense of norms and values, has entered economic analysis again, whereas it was totally absent from mainstream economics during most of the second half of the twentieth century. The disappointing results of mainstream economics and developments in the world economy triggered an awareness of the relevance of the context in which people make decisions. Developments which were triggering this were the unexpected high growth rates in Asia, (the Asian miracle), the transition of previously centrally planned economies and the increased attention for the role of religion after 9/11/2001. Some of the areas this research covers are:
* The history of culture in economics from Adam Smith to the present
* The way culture is incorporated into economic analysis
* Methods used in empirical analysis on culture and economics
* Culture as an explanatory factor of cross-country difference in institutions and performance
Culture appears to be relevant for explaining differences between otherwise similar countries; in particular OECD-countries. Uncertainty avoidance, for example, significantly explains the relative importance of financial markets. This book is the first that provides an overview of the field of culture and economics and will be of use to postgraduate researchers in the field of economics and culture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - A history of thought about culture and economy
Chapter 3 - The re-emergence of culture in economics
Chapter 4 - Methods and methodology of culture and economics
Chapter 5 - Culture and cross-country differences in institutions
Chapter 6 - Culture and economic performance
Chapter 7 - Religion as culture
Chapter 8 - Mapping the landscape of social capital: the need for a two-level approach
Chapter 9 - International relations and coordination
Chapter 10 - Conclusions and recommendations
* The history of culture in economics from Adam Smith to the present
* The way culture is incorporated into economic analysis
* Methods used in empirical analysis on culture and economics
* Culture as an explanatory factor of cross-country difference in institutions and performance
Culture appears to be relevant for explaining differences between otherwise similar countries; in particular OECD-countries. Uncertainty avoidance, for example, significantly explains the relative importance of financial markets. This book is the first that provides an overview of the field of culture and economics and will be of use to postgraduate researchers in the field of economics and culture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - A history of thought about culture and economy
Chapter 3 - The re-emergence of culture in economics
Chapter 4 - Methods and methodology of culture and economics
Chapter 5 - Culture and cross-country differences in institutions
Chapter 6 - Culture and economic performance
Chapter 7 - Religion as culture
Chapter 8 - Mapping the landscape of social capital: the need for a two-level approach
Chapter 9 - International relations and coordination
Chapter 10 - Conclusions and recommendations